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Flashcards covering key terms related to the regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and urine formation.
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16 Terms
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomeruli of the kidneys.
Afferent Arteriole
The blood vessel that carries blood to the glomerulus, which regulates blood flow into the kidney.
Efferent Arteriole
The blood vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration.
Tubuloglomerular Feedback
A mechanism that adjusts the blood flow in the afferent arterioles in response to changes in the flow of filtrate in the nephron.
Myogenic Mechanism
The ability of vascular smooth muscle to react to changes in pressure and flow, helping to maintain GFR.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)
A structure composed of the macula densa, granular cells, and extraglomerular mesangial cells that regulates GFR.
Renin
An enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells that initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Angiotensin II
A potent vasoconstrictor that plays a key role in increasing blood pressure and regulating GFR.
Aldosterone
A hormone that enhances sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, increasing blood volume and pressure.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
A hormone released by the heart that inhibits sodium and water reabsorption, decreasing blood volume.
Filtration Coefficient (Kf)
A value that reflects the permeability of the glomerular membrane and the surface area available for filtration.
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (GCP)
The pressure within the glomerular capillaries that drives filtration.
Colloid Osmotic Pressure (COP)
The osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the blood, opposing filtration.
Sympathetic Control
A mechanism where sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes vasoconstriction and regulates GFR.
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
A lipid compound that promotes vasodilation in the kidneys and helps maintain renal blood flow.
Homeostasis
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body, including blood pressure and fluid balance.
