What did the Ministry of Justice report in 2013?
Black people were twice as likely to be cautioned by the police compared to white people. Black people were three and a half more times likely to be arrested than white people.
What did Phillips and Bowling report?
research suggests that rates of racially motivated offences are higher outside the major cities, particularly in rural areas where there are only small ethnic minority populations.
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What did the Ministry of Justice report in 2013?
Black people were twice as likely to be cautioned by the police compared to white people. Black people were three and a half more times likely to be arrested than white people.
What did Phillips and Bowling report?
research suggests that rates of racially motivated offences are higher outside the major cities, particularly in rural areas where there are only small ethnic minority populations.
What did Lea and Young say ?
Differences in stats are a result of real differences in offending. This is because of the way that black people are discriminated against in wider society. They believe the police racism is not the main cause because 90% of crimes are reported by the public.
What did Gilroy say?
BME commit no more crime than others. Instead, differences in statistics are a result of racist policing as they act on stereotypes.
What did Hall et all say?
There was a moral panic in the 1970's about black men and mugging. This is because Capitalism was in crisis and the powerful used this story to distract people from the problems of capitalism. So black people were not more criminal, but were victims of capitalism.
What did Downes and Rock say to criticise Hall et all?
Hall et al does not explain how the moral panic was created or offer evidence that capitalism was behind it. Left realists argue fear of mugging was real, not panicking.
What is institutional racism?
Institutional racism is a pattern of social institutions (e.g. the police) giving negative treatment to a group of people based on their race and this leads to inequality.
Historical example of institutional racism?
African-American students were barred from attending certain public schools which limited the student's educational opportunities and was a factor in preventing them from achieving a status equal others.
What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination
prejudice is a thought, discrimination is an act
What was the McPherson report?
This report looked into the murder of Stephen Lawrence. stated that the metropolitan police were institutionally racist (never been reported before). Lawrence's parents were treated badly by the police who also failed to recognise that Lawrence's friend was also a victim of a racist attack.
What is Heidensohn’s theory of canteen cultures?
a culture that develops in the workplace. The culture of the police is masculine, racist and aggressive.
What happened to Stephen Lawrence
On April 22nd 1993, he was murdered at a bus stop at 18 years old. 19 years later some boys were found guilty
Secret policeman
in 2003, Mark Daly, a journalist for the BBC gathered clear evidence of racist attitudes within the police force.