Time Period 6 Vocabulary APUSH

American Federation of Labor

a federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Horizontal Integration

Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

Trusts/Monopolies

A combination of corporations cooperating in order to reduce competition and control prices.

Vertical Integration

the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.

Farmers' Alliance

A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s; worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the governments tight money policy

Dawes Act of 1887

Sought to "Americanize" Native Americans.

Populist Party

People's Party; political party formed in 1891 to advocate a larger money supply and other economic reforms

Haymarket Square Riot

A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred.

Knights of Labor (1869)

Nationwide labor union that was open to all workers. The union reached its peak in 1886 before beginning a decline in membership.

New immigration

2nd wave Immigrants from Southern and Eastern European countries and Asia arriving in the late 1800s

Tammany Hall

Political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed.

Social Darwinism

survival of the fittest

Settlement Houses

neighborhood centers in poor areas that offered education, recreation, and social activities

Pullman Strike (1894)

Railroad strike that started when the Pullman Palace Car Company cut wages while maintaining high rents

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses

Sherman Antitrust Act

1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce

Homestead Act

1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.

Laissez-faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

Granger Laws

A set of laws designed to address railroad discrimination against small farmers, covering issues like freight rates and railroad rebates.

political machine

A party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized " separate but equal "

Robber Barons

People who'd built fortunes by swindling investors and taxpayers, and bribing officials

Pendleton Act

1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons

W.E.B. DuBois

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910

Sammuel Gompers

leader of the American Federation of Labor " bread and butter"

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

Andrew Carnegie

Built a steel mill empire; US STEEL

Tenements

Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived

Gospel of Wealth

called on those who accumulated wealth to share their riches for the betterment of society ( Carnegie)