IPv4 and IPv6 Fundamentals 2.6

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the characteristics, structure, and address ranges of IPv4 and IPv6 based on the lecture material.

IPv4 length

A $32\text{-bit}$ address made up of four separate decimal numbers.

Octet

A group of $8$ bits, also known as a byte, which makes up one of the four sections of an IPv4 address with values between $0$ and $255$.

Total IPv4 combinations

The finite number of IPv4 addresses possible is approximately $4.29\text{ billion}$, despite there being over $20\text{ billion}$ connected devices.

NAT

Network Address Translation; a technology that allows private internal addresses to communicate on the public internet over a single public IPv4 address.

RFC 1918

The Request For Comment standard that defines the ranges of private addresses used worldwide for IPv4 networking.

10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255

An RFC 1918 private address range that provides over $16\text{ million}$ individual addresses, often used in large corporate networks.

172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255

An RFC 1918 private address range that offers just over $1\text{ million}$ addresses for internal use.

192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

An RFC 1918 private address range that provides $65,000$ addresses, commonly used in home networks.

IPv6 length

A $128\text{-bit}$ address system, equivalent to $16\text{ bytes}$, which provides $340\text{ undecillion}$ addresses.

Hexadecimal format

The numbering system used to represent IPv6 addresses to consolidate the large address space into a smaller, readable form using colons as separators.

IPv6 Group Size

Each block in an IPv6 address consists of $16\text{ bits}$ or $2\text{ octets}$, separated by colons.

DNS importance in IPv6

Because IPv6 addresses are much larger and harder to memorize, DNS is relied upon to reference devices by their fully-qualified domain names.

Network prefix

The first half of an IPv6 address ($64\text{ bits}$) that defines the network segment, typically using a default subnet mask of $/64$.

Host address (IPv6)

The second half of an IPv6 address ($64\text{ bits}$) used to identify a specific host ID on the network.