Health Information System Lecture 2: Introduction to Health Care System

Vocabulary flashcards covering health system definitions, goals, functions, models, WHO frameworks, historical Philippine health reform laws, and national development agendas.

System (Bertalanffy, 1968)

An arrangement of parts and their interconnections coming together for a purpose.

Health System (Roemer, 1991)

The combination of resources, organization, financing, and management that culminate in the delivery of health services to the population.

Health System (WHO Report, 2000)

All the organizations, institutions, and resources that are devoted to producing health actions.

Health Action

Any effort—whether in personal health care, public health services, or through intersectoral initiatives—whose primary purpose is to improve health.

Improving the Health of Populations

The overarching goal of a health system, requiring health status to be measured across the entire population and different socioeconomic groups to achieve health equity and reduce disparities.

Improving the Responsiveness of the Health System

A WHO goal focused on providing services in the manner people want or desire by respecting values (dignity, confidentiality, non-discrimination) and placing users at the center of healthcare.

Fairness in Financial Contribution

Ensuring social and financial risk protection so that paying for health care does not impoverish individuals or families, with costs proportional to ability to pay rather than risk of illness.

Health Service Provision

A vital health system function encompassing the delivery of public and private health services, including preventive measures and health promotion.

Health Service Inputs (Resource Generation)

A vital health system function involving the assembly of essential resources such as human resources, medications, technology, and medical equipment.

Stewardship

A vital health system function involving overall system oversight and policy frameworks; primarily a governmental responsibility to guide public priorities, set rules, collect surveillance data, and enforce regulations.

Health Financing

A vital health system function that consists of collecting revenue, pooling financial risks, and strategic purchasing.

Revenue Collection

Gathering money via general taxation, payroll contributions, out-of-pocket expenses, or donor financing.

Risk Pooling

Collecting and managing funds to spread financial risks across all pool members to protect against sudden health costs.

Strategic Purchasing

How risk-pooling organizations use collected funds to purchase or finance health services for members efficiently.

Bismarck Model

A global health system model based on Bismarck's Law on Health Insurance of 1883 that uses non-profit insurance plans ("sickness funds") financed jointly by employers and employees via payroll deductions, with tight state price regulation over mostly private providers.

Beveridge Model

A global health system model named after social reformer William Beveridge, where health care is provided and directly financed by the government through tax payments, with state-owned facilities or state-funded healthcare workers.

Service Delivery (WHO Framework)

Delivering effective, safe, and quality personal/non-personal health interventions to those who need them with minimal resource waste.

Health Workforce (WHO Framework)

Maintaining responsive, fair, competent, and efficiently distributed health staff.

Information (WHO Framework)

Ensuring timely production, analysis, and use of reliable health data and system performance metrics.

Medical Products, Vaccines, and Technologies (WHO Framework)

Ensuring equitable access to essential, safe, quality, and cost-effective medical products.

Financing (WHO Framework)

Raising adequate funds to ensure access to services without placing people at risk of financial catastrophe.

Leadership and Governance (WHO Framework)

Establishing strategic policy frameworks, oversight, accountability, coalition-building, and appropriate regulations.

Primary Health Care for All (1970)

A Philippine health reform milestone that developed a largely centralized, government-funded health care system.

Adoption of Primary Health Care (1979)

A Philippine health reform initiative that promoted participatory management of the local health care system.