Cell Junctions

Cell Junctions

Structures that hold cells together and facilitate communication and the passage of materials between them.

Tight Junctions

Seal cell membranes together to form a barrier that prevents unregulated passage between cells.

Anchoring Junctions

Mechanically attach cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix, helping to withstand mechanical stress.

Gap Junctions

Form small channels between neighboring cells that allow for the passage of ions and small molecules.

Paracellular Route

The pathway between cells that allows for movement of small items such as ions and sugars.

Transcellular Route

The pathway that involves the passing of substances directly through the cytoplasm of the cell.

Desmosomes

A type of anchoring junction that provides tensile strength by connecting the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells.

Hemidesmosomes

Attach epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane.

Epidermolysis Bullosa

A genetic condition that makes the skin fragile due to improper functioning of anchoring cell junctions.

Arrhythmias

Abnormal heart rhythms that can occur due to loss of electrical coordination from gap junction failure.

Cholera toxin

A toxin that can disrupt tight junction functions leading to excessive water loss in the intestine.