kin 224 exam 1 major points

Alpha 1

SQUEEZE:

smooth muscle contraction —> vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, urinary retention

Alpha 2

SUPPRESS:

don’t overstimulate receptors; decrease neurotransmitter or hormone release

Beta 1

BEAT:

beat faster, beat harder, constricting blood vessels inc. blood pressure so more blood is around the body

Beta 2

BREATHE/OPEN:

think asthma, bronchodilation

where are preganglionic cell bodies?

lateral horn of T1-L2

Cervical Ganglia

Superior cervical ganglion: head

Middle cervical ganglion: neck

Inferior cervical ganglion: heart

Prevertebral Ganglia

Celiac ganglion: stomach, liver, and proximal intestines.

Superior mesenteric ganglion: small intestine and proximal large intestine

Inferior mesenteric ganglion: distal large intestine and pelvic viscera

Vasomotor tone

blood vessels (ex. vasocontriction)

Vagal tone

heart dec.

Plexus

• Parasympathetic preganglionic axons

• Sympathetic post ganglionic axons

• Visceral sensory neurons

cardiac plexus

controls heart activity

pulmonary plexus

airway/lung activity

celiac plexus

stomach, liver, pancreas

superior mesenteric plexus

small intestine, large intestine

Inferior mesenteric plexus

lower large intestine, pelvic viscera

hypogastric plexus

pelvic organs, bladder/reproductive organs

cranial nerves

CN III: oculomotor (EYES) celiac ganglion

CN VII: facial (face fluids) pterygopalatine, submandibular

CN IX: glossopharyngeal (saliva) otic ganglion

CN X: vagus (chest + abdomen; everything below the neck) abdominal viscera

eicosanoids

local signaling molecules ARACHIDONIC ACIDS

• prostaglandins

• thromboxanes

• leukotrienes

adenylate cyclase

making cAMP

activating pka

phospholipase C

activating phospholipase C to make DAG and IP3

activation of enzymes inside the cell

Follicular cells make

thyroid hormone

parafollicular cells make

calcitonin

DAG helps activate

protein kinase C

IP3 helps activate

Ca2+

glomerulosa makes

mineralocorticoids

fasciculata makes

glucocorticoids

reticularis makes

gonadocorticoids