exam 2 - geog 200

advantages of living in canada

- multicultural place
- beauty
- hockey
- oil
- forest/wood products
- universal healthcare

challenges of living in canada

- warmth
- shopping

why do most canadian citizens live within 200 miles of the US

- strong economic ties between the us and canada
- auto industry

everything in canada costs ___ more than in the US

20%

currency is worth ___ less than in the US

20%

politics in canada

- commonwealth country
- history of oppression of native canadians
- polygot nation

native majority province in canada

nunavut: 27,000 people
- 85% is Inuit

inuit

native canadian

polygot nation

multiple official languages

official languages in canda

french and english

area in canada that speaks french and info about them

quebec
- referendum about leaving CN to conserve their french heritage

ethnicity in US

- african americans
- whites
- native americans
- mexican americans
- asian americans
- lgbtq

largest percentage of african americans in the us

mississippi (36%)

whitest states in the us

- maine (93%)
- new hampshire

where are most native americans found in the us

states west of the mississippi river

places of mexican americans in the us

places that are close to the us-mexican border (CA, TX)

jobs of mexican americans in the us

- construction
- landscaping
- restaurants
- agriculture
- meat packing

asian americans in the us

- chinese
- indian
- filipino
- vietnamese
- koreans
- japanese

where are most chinese americans located in the us

- found everywhere (ubiquitous)
- NY (starting place)
- CA

where are most indian americans found in the us

NY/NJ, chicago, dallas

where are most filipino americans found in the us

CA (daly city), HI

where are most vietnamese americans found in the us

los angeles, alabama, louisiana, houston

where are most lgbtq+ found in the us

greenwhich village, ny
castro district, san francisco
atlanta
key west, florida
provincetown, massachusetts

where are most mormons found in the us

far west coast

__ areas are most diverse

urban

areas with large african american population

memphis, tn
new york city
washington dc
chicage
cleveland

why are urban areas diverse and have a large african american populaiton?

jobs

the great [black] migration

when african americans moved for jobs for industry
- equal opportunities for jobs in the north
- unequal policing in the south

types of jobs in industry

factories

types of products in factory jobs

steel: pittsburgh, gery, in
autos: detroit
rubber/tires: akron

why were jobs in auto factories appealing?

high pay
relatively low-skilled
high demand
medical care
retirement
generational

what do the appealing factors of working in auto factories create?

a middle class

importance of the great [black] migration

created a middle class

what did a middle class represent?

wealth transferred by generation

important cities

atlanta, georgia

why is atlanta an important city

- majority african american
- black capitol of the us

urban areas puerto ricans are in

- chicago
- orlando
- nyc
- boston

african communities in the us

- houston: nigerians

houston airport has a _____ _____ to african cities

airlink link

urban/suburban areas

baltimore city: old industrial

why did people move from baltimore city to baltimore county?

higher incomes
jewish american: pikesville

white flight def

process of leaving cities based on the perception/fear of encroaching minority groups

products of white flight

suburbs

people in white flight move based on ____ not ____

perception, reality

where can white flight occur

anywhere
- pikesville
- mechanicsville
- midlothian

redlining def

banks and real estate agents acting to enable/continue segregation

gentrification def

movement of a gentry into urban areas (companies)

gentry def

young professionals

gentrification example

harlem
richmond city
washington dc
chicago

benefits of living in harlem

- less expensive to live
- close to action (jobs, etc.)
- huge houses with huge potential

how is lincoln park in chicago an example of gentrification?

- 1970s: slum
- 2000: million $ RE

public housing def

subsidized housing from the government

characteristics of public housing

- small
- ugly
- institutional

public housing is under attack of

gentrification

slum def

area of run-down housing

ghetto

area with a uniform character
- religion
- race
- economic status/income

who lives in a ghetto

everyone

ghetto vs. slum

ghetto can have good housing

example of a ghetto

chinatown
- limits of properties: landlords

megalopolis

combination of cities

megalopolis example

Bos-wash: Boston-NYC-Washington DC

megacities def

cities with a population over 10 million

megacities in the US, africa, and europe

us: new york city, los angeles
africa: kyro, lagos
europe: paris, london

housing act of 1949

- institutionalized segregation in public housing
- created a space for the growth of suburbs

2 things that came out of suburbs and example

- GI Bill: low interest lonas
- 30-year mortgage (1948
- Levittown, New York

Food Deserts def and example

an urban area where
- there is 20% poverty
- 1/3 of the population is more than a mile away from a supermarket
* detroit

homelessness

someone who does not have a fixed residence

types of homelessness

auto homeless, rural homeless

highest numbers of homeless in the US

- new york city
- los angeles
- washington dc
- seattle

what drives homelessness

high rents

spatial mismatch

mismatch between low-income households reside and suitable job opportunities

urban heat island characteristics

- asphalt
- large buildings
- homes/brick
- CO2 emisisons
- people/activity

urban heat island examples

- washington dc
- baltimore

green roofing alleviates urban heat island ____

some

acid rain is created from

industrial pollution
- electric power generation
- coal

acid rain is mostly located in

the midwest
- chicago
- cleveland
- gary

where does acid rain deposit

northeast and canada

location of solar panels/generation

- midwest
- florida
- california
- arizona
- the west

location of wind renewable energy

- west virginia
- coastal viriginia

acid rain

harmful form of precipitation high in sulfur and nitrogen oxides
- ex: eastern north america and europe

agribusiness

any business related to farming and the farming-related commerical activities

cultural homeland

place where a cultural, national, or racial identity has formed

edge city

suburban node of activity
- southern california's costa mesa

ethnicity

shared common identity held by a group of people with a common background or history

food deserts

places where people do not have ready access to supermarkets and fresh, healthy, and affordable food

fracking

drilling method used to extract petroleum (oil) or natural gas from deep in the earth

gentrification

higher income residents displace lower-income residents in central-city neighborhoods
- ex: seattle, baltimore, toronto

megalopolis

large urban region formed as multiple cities grow and merge with one another
- washington dc, baltimore, new york city

north american free trade agreement (nafta)

an agreement made in 1994 among Canada, the US, and Mexico that established a 15 year plan for reducing all barriers to trade among the 3 countries

urban heat island

development associated with cities often produces nighttime temperatures some 9-14 degrees F warmer than nearby rural areas

chinese investment in africa

china is now the single largest trading partner for the region of Sub-Saharan Africa
small countries are reliant on china for development
east africa and southenr africa

apartheid

a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race
- millions of black africans were removed from their homes and forced into segregated neighborhoods

berlin conference

an 1884 conference that divided africa into european colonial territories

clan

social units constituting branches of a tribe or an ethnic group larger than a family
- somalia

coloured

racial category used throughout south africa to define people of mixed european and african ancestry

desertification

the spread of desert conditions into semiarid areas due to improper management of the land
- horn of africa, parts of southern africa, sahel

horn of africa

northeastern corner of sub-saharan africa. drought, famine, and ethnic warfare in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in political turmoil in this area

internally displaced person (idp)

groups and individuals who flee an area due to conflict or famine but still remain in their country of origin
- democratic republic of the congo has the largest number
- somalia
- south sudan
- nigeria
- ethiopia

kleptocracy

state where corruption is so institutionalized that politicians and bureaucrats siphon off a huge percentage of a country's wealth
- democratic republic of the congo

pastoralist

nomadic and sedentary peoples who rely on livestock for sustenance and livelihood
- Sahel and the Horn of Africa