Path Ch 2 Cellular pathology: injury, inflammation, and repair

1. An endocrine hormone acts on which one of the following?

A. On the cell that made it

B. On an adjacent cell

C. On a distant cell

D. None of the options is correct.

C

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

2. Which one of the following is a reversible cell or tissue change?

A. Coagulative necrosis

B. Metaplasia

C. Apoptosis

D. None of the options is correct

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

3. Which one of the following is the root cause of cancer?

A. Cigarette smoke, direct or indirect

B. DNA injury

C. Cytogenetic chromosomal translocations

D. Persistent bacterial infection

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

4. Coagulative necrosis is characterized by which one of the following?

A. Multinucleated giant cells

B. Microscopic preservation of tissue structural outline

C. Cheesy central necrotic areas

D. Replacement of cells by necrotic fluid and inflammatory cells

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

5. Which one of the following is an example of apoptosis?

A. Infarction of the myocardium

B. Accumulation of WBCs during infections

C. Calcification of cellular debris

D. Daily shedding of dead skin and intestinal epithelial cells

D

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

6. Which one of the following is most likely to produce fatty change in the liver?

A. Smoking

B. High-fat diet

C. Alcoholism

D. B and C

Answer: D

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

7. Which one of the following is the most common cause of coagulative necrosis?

A. Apoptosis

B. Ischemia

C. Dystrophic calcification

D. Hydropic degeneration

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

8. Which one of the following best describes hypertrophy?

A. Increased size of cell

B. Change of cell type

C. Increased number of cells

D. Decreased size of cells

A

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

9. Which one of the following is a granulocyte?

A. Basophil

B. Lymphocyte

C. Macrophage

D. Platelet

A

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

10. The main activity of neutrophils in inflammation is which one of the following?

A. Release of histamine

B. Capture antigen for presentation to the immune system

C. Phagocytosis

D. Release of cytokines

C

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

11. Which one of the following is a lymphocyte?

A. Plasma cell

B. Monocyte

C. Neutrophil

D. Macrophage

A

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

12. Which one of the following is an element of the vascular component of inflammation?

A. Mast cell

B. Endothelial cell

C. Chemokine

D. Basophil

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

13. Which one of the following occurs first in acute inflammation?

A. Angioneogenesis

B. Neutrophil migration

C. Edema

D. Vasodilation

D

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

14. Angioneogenesis is usually a part of which one of the following?

A. Parasite infection

B. Malaria

C. Chronic infection

D. Allergic inflammation

C

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

15. Which one of the following occurs during acute inflammation?

A. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

B. Increased levels of fibrinogen

C. Lymphocytosis

D. Basophilia

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

*16. The clinical term for enlarged lymph nodes is which one of the following?

A. Lymphomegaly

B. Lymphadenopathy

C. Lymphadenitis

D. Lymphangitis

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

17. Which one of the following is an activity of neutrophils in acute inflammation?

A. Formation of giant cells

B. Intravascular release of lysosomal enzymes

C. Phagocytosis

D. Presentation of antigen to lymphocytes

C

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

18. Both acute and chronic inflammation may result in which one of the following?

A. Accumulation of pus

B. Neutrophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate

C. Lymphocytic inflammatory cell infiltrate

D. Scar

D

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

19. Which one of the following is a systemic response to acute inflammation?

A. Hypothermia (decreased body temperature)

B. Decreased hepatic synthesis of fibrinogen

C. Increased hepatic synthesis of C-reactive protein

D. Increased appetite

C

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Systemic responses to inflammation: fever, myalgia, anorexia, sepsis.

Production of: C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

20. Which one of the following is a cause of chronic inflammation?

A. Pyogenic bacteria

B. Short-term injury

C. Autoimmune disease

D. Scar

C

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

21. Which one of the following is a labile tissue?

A. Liver hepatocytes

B. Epidermis

C. Brain neurons

D. Heart muscle

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

22. Which one of the following is a part of the structural framework of tissue?

A. Capillaries

B. Epithelial cells

C. Lymphatics

D. Basement membrane

D

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

23. After inflammation, which one of the following occurs first in fibrous repair?

A. Angioneogenesis

B. Cell migration

C. Deposition of collagen

D. Scar development

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

24. Which of the following are the two main components of granulation tissue?

A. Capillaries and neutrophils

B. Fibroblasts and collagen

C. Capillaries and fibroblasts

D. Fibroblasts and macrophages

C

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

25. Which one of the following describes a pyogenic granuloma?

A. Hyperplastic scar

B. Leukocyte infiltration and edema

C. Fibrosis and chronic inflammation

D. Excessive granulation tissue

D

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

26. Which one of the following is a circumstance in which regeneration is the method of repair?

A. Necrosis of epidermis (first-degree skin burn)

B. Necrosis of heart cells (myocardial infarct)

C. Necrosis of brain cells (white stroke)

D. Surgical incision

A

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

see Figure 2.22

27. Which one of the following statements is true?

A. Clean surgical incisions heal by first intention.

B. Scar remodeling is complete by the second week of healing.

C. A freshly sutured wound has about 10% of normal tensile strength.

D. Immediately after suture removal most wounds have regained a majority of presurgical tensile strength.

A

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Wide wounds heal by second intention, have more inflammatory tissue, take several weeks to heal, and leave a larger scar.

A freshly sutured wound has about 70% of normal tensile strength.

After suture removal at one week, tensile strength is about 10%

28. A 65-year-old African American male undergoes a surgical resection for a 1.5 cm mass in the right upper lobe of his lung. A frozen section taken during the operation reveals necrotizing granulomas, and tissue is sent for culture. Subsequent testing reveals the presence of acid fast bacteria (TB). Which of the following types of necrosis likely accompanied this infection?

A. Caseous necrosis

B. Coagulative necrosis

C. Liquifactive necrosis

D. Fat necrosis

A

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

29. The presence of squamous mucosa on a respiratory epithelial biopsy of a 65-year-old smoker is an example of what kind of cellular adaptation?

A. Hypertrophy

B. Hyperplasia

C. Metaplasia

D. Dysplasia

C

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

30. A 30-year-old African American female brings her newborn son to the hospital for evaluation of an unsightly growth on his belly button that bleeds whenever his diaper rubs it. Examination reveals a red/purple mass of highly vascularized tissue. What is your diagnosis?

A. Keloid

B. Pyogenic granuloma

C. Ulcer

D. None of the above

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

31. A 43-year-old Caucasian male with chronic esophageal reflux undergoes several biopsies for evaluation of a red granular lesion in his distal esophagus. If metaplasia has occurred at this site, what do you expect to see on biopsy?

A. Cells that have increased in size

B. Cells that have changed from one type of specialized epithelium to another

C. Cells that have increased in number

D. Cells with dark, enlarged, irregular nuclei

B

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

32. A 20-year-old college student in a motorcycle accident has severe "road rash" (deep ulceration/erosion of the skin) following a 20 yard skid across wet asphalt. You tell him that the injury will unfortunately result in a large scar as it will heal by _________________.

A. First intention

B. Restoration

C. Regeneration

D. Second intention

D

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

33. True or False? The most common cause of cell injury is hypoxia.

True****

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Lack of sufficient oxygen is the most common cause of cell injury. Anoxia is a total lack of oxygen; hypoxia is a partial lack.

34. True or False? A stem cell is an unspecialized (undifferentiated) cell that in one mitotic cycle symmetrically divides to reproduce a copy of itself and a second, specialized (differentiated) cell.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Stem Cells form other types of cells by asymmetric division

35. True or False? Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

36. True or False? All intracellular accumulations are caused by injury.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Chronic injury or STRESS

Cholesterol, Protein, Pigments, Fat , Glycogen

37. True or False? Metaplasia is a permanent change of one cell type into another.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Metaplasia is a reversible change of one cell type into another caused by chronic injury.

38. True or False? Atrophy of a tissue or organ occurs because of a decrease in the size of cells.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Atrophy is decreased size and function of a cell, tissue, organ, or body part.

39. True or False? Necrosis is the planned, natural death of cells.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

40. True or False? Liquefactive necrosis is the most common type of necrosis.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Coagulative necrosis is the most common type of necrosis , occurs because of infarcts

41. True or False? Apoptosis is the most common pathologic finding in disease.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Necrosis is the most common pathological finding in disease

42. True or False? Metaplasia occurs most often in epithelial cells.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

It is most common in epithelium because epithelial cells are short-lived and are always being replenished from stem cells. (See ch.2 case study)

43. True or False? Caseous necrosis is most often caused by tuberculosis.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

44. True or False? Ischemia is the most common cause of coagulative necrosis.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

45. True or False? An infarct is an area of necrosis produced by ischemia.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

46. True or False? Acute inflammation is caused by persistent long-term injury.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

47. True or False? Proteins comprise about 90% of the volume of plasma.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

48. True or False? Basophils are attracted to allergic reactions.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

49. True or False? A plasma cell is a stimulated monocyte.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

50. True or False? Capillaries are formed of endothelial and smooth muscle cells.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

51. True or False? Endothelial cells are permanent cells, which cannot divide.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

52. True or False? The granules in the cytoplasm of basophils contain histamine.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

53. True or False? The cellular infiltrate in acute inflammation is predominantly neutrophilic leukocytes.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

54. True or False? A serous inflammatory exudate is the result of severe inflammation.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

55. True or False? A scar may result from either acute or chronic inflammation.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

56. True or False? One cause of swelling in acutely inflamed tissue is plasma that leaks from gaps that appear between endothelial cells.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

57. True or False? Autoimmune reactions are an important cause of chronic inflammation.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

58. True or False? Lymphocytes and plasma cells represent the immune system in chronic inflammation.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

59. True or False? The blood level of C-reactive protein is increased with either acute or chronic inflammation.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

60. True or False? Repair consists of two processes: regeneration and healing.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

61. True or False? All epithelium is supported by a basement membrane.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

62. True or False? The two general pathways in the repair process are healing and angioneogenesis.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

63. True or False? Regeneration occurs when tissue-supporting framework is destroyed.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

64. True or False? Granulation tissue is composed mainly of capillaries and fibroblasts.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

65. True or False? Intestinal ulcers heal by first intention.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

66. True or False? Mechanical factors are the most frequent cause of interference with wound healing.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

67. True or False? Fibrosis associated with chronic inflammation is most often seen in conjunction with poorly healing surgical wounds.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

68. True or False? Keloids are neoplastic.

False

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

69. True or False? Granulation tissue may be normal or abnormal.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

70. True or False? Wounds healing by first intention usually heal quicker than those healing by second intention.

True

Subject: Chapter 2: Cellular Pathology- Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Apoptosis

A. Permanent change

B. Temporary Change

A. Permanent change

Fat accumulation

A. Permanent change

B. Temporary Change

B. Temporary Change

Hydropic degradation

A. Permanent change

B. Temporary Change

B. Temporary Change

Metaplasia

A. Permanent change

B. Temporary Change

B. Temporary Change

Necrosis

A. Permanent change

B. Temporary Change

A. Permanent change

Increased C-reactive protein

A. Usually in acute inflammation, not chronic

B. Usually in chronic inflammation, not acute

C. Occurs with either acute or chronic inflammation

D. None of the options is correct.

C Occurs with either acute or chronic inflammation

Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A. Usually in acute inflammation, not chronic

B. Usually in chronic inflammation, not acute

C. Occurs with either acute or chronic inflammation

D. None of the options is correct.

D none of the options are correct

Neutrophillic cells

A. Usually in acute inflammation, not chronic

B. Usually in chronic inflammation, not acute

C. Occurs with either acute or chronic inflammation

D. None of the options is correct.

A. Usually in acute inflammation, not chronic

Lymphocytic/monocytic cells

A. Usually in acute inflammation, not chronic

B. Usually in chronic inflammation, not acute

C. Occurs with either acute or chronic inflammation

D. None of the options is correct.

B Usually in chronic inflammation

Neutrophil

A. Phagocytosis

B. Release of histamine

C. Stimulated by parasite infection

D. Immune reaction

A Phagocytosis

Macrophage

A. Phagocytosis

B. Release of histamine

C. Stimulated by parasite infection

D. Immune reaction

A Phagocytosis

Basophil

A. Phagocytosis

B. Release of histamine

C. Stimulated by parasite infection

D. Immune reaction

B Release of histamine

Lymphocyte

A. Phagocytosis

B. Release of histamine

C. Stimulated by parasite infection

D. Immune reaction

D Immune reaction

Macrophage (monocyte)

A. Immune system cell only

B. Phagocytic cell only

C. Both immune and phagocytic cell

D. Neither immune nor phagocytic cell

C Both immune and phagocytic cell

Plasma cell

A. Immune system cell only

B. Phagocytic cell only

C. Both immune and phagocytic cell

D. Neither immune nor phagocytic cell

A Immune system cell only

Lymphocyte

A. Immune system cell only

B. Phagocytic cell only

C. Both immune and phagocytic cell

D. Neither immune nor phagocytic cell

A Immune system cell only

Neutrophil

A. Immune system cell only

B. Phagocytic cell only

C. Both immune and phagocytic cell

D. Neither immune nor phagocytic cell

B Phagocytic cell only

Staphylococcus infection

A. Serous inflammation

B. Allergic or parasitic inflammation

C. Suppurative inflammation

D. Ulcerative inflammation

E. Granulomatous inflammation

C. Suppurative inflammation

Watery exudate

A. Serous inflammation

B. Allergic or parasitic inflammation

C. Suppurative inflammation

D. Ulcerative inflammation

E. Granulomatous inflammation

A Serous inflammation

A special type of nodular chronic inflammation

A. Serous inflammation

B. Allergic or parasitic inflammation

C. Suppurative inflammation

D. Ulcerative inflammation

E. Granulomatous inflammation

E Granulomatous inflamation

Eosinophilic cell infiltrate

A. Serous inflammation

B. Allergic or parasitic inflammation

C. Suppurative inflammation

D. Ulcerative inflammation

E. Granulomatous inflammation

B Allergic or parasitic inflammation

Cardiac muscle

A. Labile cells

B. Stable cells

C. Permanent cells

C Permanent cells

Brain neurons

A. Labile cells

B. Stable cells

C. Permanent cells

C Permanent cells

Liver hepatocytes

A. Labile cells

B. Stable cells

C. Permanent cells

B Stable cells

Epidermis

A. Labile cells

B. Stable cells

C. Permanent cells

A Labile cells

Gastrointestinal epithelium

A. Labile cells

B. Stable cells

C. Permanent cells

A Labile cells

Extracellular matrix

A. Tissue structural element

B. Labile tissue

C. Pathologic healing

D. None of the options is correct.

A Tissue structural element

Epidermis

A. Tissue structural element

B. Labile tissue

C. Pathologic healing

D. None of the options is correct.

B Labile tissue

Macrophages

A. Tissue structural element

B. Labile tissue

C. Pathologic healing

D. None of the options is correct.

D None of the options is correct

Keloid

A. Tissue structural element

B. Labile tissue

C. Pathologic healing

D. None of the options is correct.

C Pathologic healing