Chapter 1 Nursing 100

Clara Barton

Born in 1820s , nursed brother, started as teacher, opened first free public school, one of the first us women to work for the us gov, in civil war she aided soldiers, Angel of the battle field, after civil war she met members of the Red Cross in Britain and joined them during franco Prussian war, she founded us Red Cross which was adapted to include disaster relief and battle field care

Lillian Wald

Founded public health nursing, Jewish nursing figure, aim to address poverty and misery, part of social reform settlement in respond to poverty caused by industrialization and urbanization )Henry Street), campaigned for housing and worker protection, child labor laws, school nurses, education reform, civil rights

Mary Eliza Mahoney

Worked as private duty nurse in Boston, admitted to nursing school, first black woman to complete nursing training, called for more African American nursing students, first women to register to vote in Boston

Linda Richards

Cared for family, mother died of tuberculosis, worked in saint John’s academy teacher program, cared for dying husband, first student to enroll in first formerly trained nursing program out of 5 in Boston, developed record system for patients that was used by uk and us, helped establish japans first nursing program

Patricia Benner

Nursing theorist novice to expert theory, novice is skill focused and rule follower and inflexible, advanced beginner is guided by past experience and adaptable, competent has 2 to 3 hrs experience and thinks analytically, proficient has a holistic understanding and anticipates needs based on experience, expert is flexible, intuitive, and natural!

Principles of Ethics

Autonomy in nursing, beneficence in nursing, justice in nursing and non-maleficence in nursing

Jean Watsons Human Caring Theory

When human caring is applied in interprofessional teams, healthcare professionals find a caring consciousness to care for oneself and each other and promote patient care, used to guide nursing education, practice and research internationally. Requires collaboration among teams, States that caring is a process including Ten Caritas Processes: practicing loving-kindness to self and others, being present to enable faith, and inner subjective life, fostering spiritual practices, showing empathy to oneself and others, developing trusting relationships, forgiveness, teaching-learning, valuing humanity, embracing unknowns and miracles

Florence Nightingales Impact on Nursing

Modeled first school of nursing, first professional nurse, nurse researcher/statistician, created environment for healing, Nightingale Pledge (purity, faith, abstinence, holistic)

American Nursing Origin

Civil War (1861-1863)

Wars that Created Need for Nurses

Spanish American War (1898, epidemic of typhoid, generated need for professional nurses, but since there weren’t enough they were forced to enlist untrained lay nurses)

1945-1960; Rise of Hospitals Bureaucracy, Science and Shortages

1946: Hill Burton Act (growth of new facilities, increased need for nurses, AACN created diversity programs/assisted services)

1947: Military nurses awarded full commissioned office status in army and Navy nurse corps - ends segregation

1954: men allowed in military nursing corps

HIV/AIDS and Life Support Tech Challenges for Nurses

Early 80s: HIV—> universal precautions and use of gloves, needles, IV catheters

1980-1990s: med tech and life support; Karen Quintana stop ventilators support, Nancy Cruz pan discontinue feeding tube,

ANA definition of nursing

Protection, promotion, optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through diagnosis and treatment of human response, advocacy in care of individuals, families, groups, communities and populations