Reactions of Alkenes

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4 Terms

1
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What are the two possible products in the reaction of propene with HBr?

  • The bromine atom can be added to either the first carbon or the second carbon

  • You can therefore produce either 1-bromopropane or 2-bromopropane

2
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What are the three possible carbocations?

  • Primary carbocation- bonded to 1 alkyl group

  • Secondary carbocation- bonded to 2 alkyl groups

  • Tertiary carbocation- bonded to 3 alkyl groups

<ul><li><p><strong>Primary carbocation</strong>- bonded to <strong>1 alkyl group</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Secondary carbocation</strong>- bonded to <strong>2 alkyl groups</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Tertiary carbocation</strong>- bonded to <strong>3 alkyl groups</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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What is the trend in stability of the carbocations?

  • Carbocations with more alkyl groups are more stable because the alkyl groups feed electrons towards the positive charge which helps stabilise the positive charge

  • More stable carbocations are much more likely to form

<ul><li><p>Carbocations with <strong>more alkyl groups </strong>are <strong>more stable</strong> because the alkyl groups feed electrons towards the <strong>positive charge </strong>which helps stabilise the positive charge</p></li><li><p>More stable carbocations are much more likely to form</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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How does HBr react with 2-methylbut-2-ene?

  • The secondary carbocation is less stable as it only has 2 alkyl groups. It forms less often

  • The tertiary carbocation is more stable as it has 3 alkyl groups. It forms more often

  • 2-bromo-3-methylbutane is the minor product

  • 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is the major product

<ul><li><p>The secondary carbocation is <strong>less stable</strong> as it only has 2 alkyl groups. It forms less often</p></li><li><p>The tertiary carbocation is <strong>more stable </strong>as it has 3 alkyl groups. It forms more often</p></li><li><p>2-bromo-3-methylbutane is the <strong>minor product</strong></p></li><li><p>2-bromo-2-methylbutane is the <strong>major product</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>