asexual and sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

Involves gamete transfer for fertilisation.

Gametes

Sex cells involved in reproduction.

Fertilisation

Fusion of male and female gametes.

Zygote

Fertilised egg cell from gamete fusion.

Self-fertilisation

Gametes from the same flower fuse.

Genetic variation

Offspring differ genetically from parents.

Asexual reproduction

Reproduction without gamete transfer or fertilisation.

Budding

Asexual reproduction method in hydras.

Aphids

Insects that reproduce asexually in summer.

Runners

Stems that produce new plants asexually.

Cuttings

Plant fragments used to grow new plants.

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Increased genetic diversity and survival chances.

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Requires mate, takes longer to produce offspring.

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Only one parent needed, rapid offspring production.

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Lack of genetic variation reduces survival chances.

Hydra

Small animal that reproduces by budding.

Ovum

Female gamete involved in fertilisation.

Sperm

Male gamete that fertilises the ovum.

Plant hormones

Stimulate root formation in cuttings.

Xylem tissue

Transports water from parent to new plant.

Environmental conditions

Factors affecting survival of offspring.

Species of rotifers

Asexual reproduction for over 40 million years.

Genetically identical

Offspring share identical DNA with parent.