Flexor/ pronator Forearm muscles

Flexor-Pronator Group

3 groups

◦ Superficial- all cross the elbow

◦ Intermediate- all cross the elbow

◦ Deep- none cross the elbow

Pronator Teres

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Pronator Teres purposeful activity:

Knitting, pouring coffee

Pronator Teres action:

• Primary action is forearm pronation (is the “big daddy” for pronation)

• Assists in elbow flexion

Pronator teres Humeral head origin:

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

Pronator Teres ulnar head:

coronoid process of ulna

Pronator Teres Insertion

Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius

Pronator Teres Innervation

Median nerve (c6, C7)

flexor Carpi Radialis Purposeful activity

self-feeding, writing, sewing

Flexor Carpi Radialis Action

Wrist flexion and ABDuction (radial deviation) Can assist with elbow flexion

Flexor Carpi Radialis Orgin

Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

Flexor Carpi Radialis Insertion

Base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpa

Flexor Carpi Radialis innervation

Median nerve (c6, c7)

Palmaris Longus Purposeful action

Grasping objects

Palmaris Longus Action

Wrist flexion; tenses palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris Longus Origin

Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

Palmaris Longus Insertion

Distal half of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris Longus Innervation

Median Nerve (C7,C8)

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Purposeful activity

Hammering a nail, playing piano, swiping on tablet

flexor carpi ulnaris action

• Wrist flexion and ADDuction (ulnar deviation)

• Can assist with elbow flexion

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris humeral head origin

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

flexor Carpi ulnarius ulnar head origin

olecranon and posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis)

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris insertion

Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpa

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris innervation

ulnar nerve (C7,C8)

Flexor-Pronator intermediate group has how many muscles

1

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis purposeful action

Brushing teeth, combing hair, carrying a briefcase

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis action

• Wrist flexion • Carpometacarpal joints flexion at digits 2-5 (very little flexion for 2 and 3, more at 4 and 5)

• Metacarpophalangeal flexion of digits 2 - 5

• Proximal interphalangeal joint flexion of digits 2 - 5

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis humeroulnar head origin

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon; and coronoid process of ulna

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis radial head

oblique line of radius

flexor Digitorum superficialis insertion

Shafts (bodies) of middle phalanges of medial four digits

Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

Median nerve (C7, C8, T1

how many Flexor-Pronator deep group muscles ?

3

flexor digitorum profundus purposeful action

Playing racket sports, drawing, writing

flexor digitorum profundus action

• Wrist flexion

• Carpometacarpal joint flexion at digits 2-5 (very little flexion for 2 and 3, more at 4 and 5)

• Metacarpophalangeal flexion of digits 2 – 5

• Proximal interphalangeal joint flexion of digits 2 – 5

• Distal interphalangeal joint flexion of digits 2-5

Flexor digitorum profundus origin

Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

Flexor digitorum Profundus insertion

Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Flexor digitorum Profundus innervation

Median nerve (C8, T1): Lateral part (to digits 2 and 3)

Ulnar nerve (C8, T1): Medial part (to digits 4 and 5)

Flexor Pollicis Longus purposeful activity

Texting, sewing, doing bead work

Flexor pollicis longus action

• Wrist flexion •

• Thumb carpometacarpal joint flexion

• Thumb metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint flexion

Flexor pollicis longus origin

Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

flexor pollicis longus insertion

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

flexor pollicis Longus Innervation

Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)

Pronator Quadratus purposeful activity

Replacing an overhead lightbulb, unlocking a combination lock

Pronator Quadratus action

• Forearm pronation

• Deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

Pronator quadratus origin

Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna

Pronator Quadratus insertion

Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius

Pronator Quadratus innervation

Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)