Psych Midterm Free Response Vocab

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33 Terms

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central route to persuasion
direct; relies on content of message
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classical conditioning
involves associations between stimuli and responses; Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response; Pavlov
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cognitive map
mental representation of layout of one's environment; Tolman
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confounding variables
a factor produced by experiment other than independent variable
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descriptive statistics
mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation
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double blind research
neither subject nor experimenter knows who is in control group and who is in experimental group
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extinction
eventual disappearance of learned response
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fixed-ratio schedule
number of responses required is always the same
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groupthink
desire for group harmony overrides realistic outlook of situations
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insomnia
Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
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latent learning
hidden learning - when reinforcement is applied later; Tolman
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mere exposure effect
develop preference for people and things we're more familiar with
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myelin sheath
protective covering of axon; created by Glial Cells
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neural impulse
action potential; signal sent from neurons to other neurons
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observational learning
learning new responses by observing behavior of another rather than through experience; Albert Bandura - Bobo Doll experiment
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occipital lobe
deals w vision, contains visual cortex, at back of head/brain
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operational definition
a description of something in terms of the operations (procedures, actions, or processes) by which it could be observed and measured
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operant conditioning
response becomes more or less likely to occur depending on its consequences; reinforcement, punishments; Thorndike, Skinner
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overjustification effect
external reward weakens intrinsic motivation - ex loving job but getting paid for it and only doing for money
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parasympathetic nervous system
calming; contracts pupils, slows heart rate, stimulates digestion, stimulates gallbladder, contracts bladder, allows blood flow
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peripheral route to persuasion
relies on other factors like jingle, candidate's voice, etc
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predictive validity
ability of test to predict future behavior
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random assignment
assigned to experimental and control groups by chance; minimizes confounding variables
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regression
reverts to childlike behavior; freudian defense mechanism
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reinforcement
increases likelihood of behavior
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replication
replication of original experiment to further prove results
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reticular formation
tickle me elmo; draws focus to particular part of body
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social facilitation
improved performance of easy/routine tasks in presence of others
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successive approximations
step-reward-step-reward until completion of desired behavior
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sympathetic nervous system
arousing; dilates pupils, accelerates heart rate, inhibits digestion, relaxes bladder
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temporal lobe
process sound - auditory cortex, contains Wernicke's area - wernicke's aphasia \= can get words out but don't make sense - can't comprehend language, Fusiform Facial Area - facial recognition
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thalamus
"hal and amos" - relay center for all incoming sensory information except smell
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validity effect
people believe statement bc it has been repeated many times; repetition equals truth