Climate Change and Environmental Impact

These flashcards cover key concepts related to climate change, its effects, and mitigation strategies discussed in the lecture.

What are paleoproxies and name some examples?

Paleoproxies are natural records that provide information about past climate conditions; examples include tree rings, ice cores, sediment cores, corals, and fossils.

What is the function of the ozone layer?

The ozone layer, located 15-30 km above the Earth's surface, shields us from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

What is a significant cause of ozone depletion?

Ozone depletion is primarily caused by an increase in chlorofluorocarbons that break down ozone molecules.

How does climate change affect freshwater availability?

Climate change leads to less freshwater due to reduced ice melt, high evaporation rates, and sea level rise which causes saltwater intrusion.

What is a dead zone?

A dead zone is an area in a water body where aquatic life cannot survive due to depleted oxygen levels caused by nutrient pollution.

What are the main anthropogenic sources of reactive nitrogen?

The main anthropogenic sources include fertilizers used in agriculture, industrial activities, and runoff that washes reactive nitrogen into the oceans.

How will climate change impact weather patterns?

Climate change will intensify weather patterns, leading to more severe hurricanes and possible expansion of hurricane zones.

What are some ecological consequences of climate change?

Ecological consequences include changes in species diversity, migrations, changes in phenology, spread of disease, and loss of habitat and food.

What are the economic impacts of climate change projected for 2025?

By 2025, climate change-mediated weather damage is projected to reach ~ $145 billion, with overall costs possibly reaching $8 trillion.

What are carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies?

CCS technologies involve capturing emitted CO2 and storing it underground, potentially reducing emissions by 80-90% but are expensive to maintain.