Water Study Guide

if, over the time, the glacier gains more snow than it loses, the glacier's budget is positive and it expands

advancing glaciers

glaciers that are accumulating less snow at the top then what is melting throughout the rest. global climate change

retreating glaciers

new water that enters the aquifer from the surface

recharge

What are continental glaciers?

a glacier that covers large areas

What is an iceberg?

pieces of glaciers that float in the water

What is happening to most glaciers around the world due to climate change?

they are melting

What is calving?

when large pieces of a glacier break off

What is an example of a continental glacier?

Greenland

What is an alpine glacier?

glaciers at formed at high altitudes in mountain regions

What is a lake called that is formed from a glacier?

kettle

38%

percent of freshwater soil moisture

1%

percent of freshwater rivers

70%

percentage of water on Earth

30%

percentage of land on Earth

97%

percentage of saltwater on Earth

52%

percent of freshwater Lakes

8%

percent of freshwater water vapor

3%

percentage of freshwater on Earth

2nd largest reservoir on Earth; largest freshwater reservoir on Earth; solid

glaciers

4th largest reservoir on Earth

other

Scratches and grooves on bedrock caused by glacial abrasion

glacial striations

7th largest reservoir on Earth; natural connection of flowing water from one reservoir to the other

rivers

An ice-transported boulder that was not derived from the bedrock near its present site.

glacial erratic

water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground

Runoff

sediment transported by flowing ice and deposited beneath a glacier or at its toe

glacial till

edges of the ice sheet, where ice is melting and the water is running out to sea

melt zone

6th largest reservoir on Earth; gas

atmosphere

The physical force that pulls all objects with less mass towards objects with greater mass (ex/ Earth's pull on all objects on its surface).

Gravity

portion of the glacier above the snowline where new material is added to the glacier and the glacier grows (positive budget)

accumulation zone

largest reservoir on Earth; saltwater

oceans

water's movement across the surface; water will flow to the lowest elevation possible

Flow

This occurs when water reaches the lowest point it can flow based on elevation and returns back to a larger reservoir

Collection

3rd largest reservoir on Earth; 2nd largest freshwater reservoir on Earth; largest liquid freshwater reservoir on Earth

groundwater

5th largest reservoir on Earth; body of water surrounded by land but not as big as an ocean

lakes

a ridge of till marking a former position of the front of a glacier

end moraine

Which of the following locations would likely have the highest humidity?

C. A tropical rainforest near the equator and ocean.

During which type of weather is humidity likely to be higher?

B. A storm or warm front.

Why do higher elevation areas usually have lower humidity?

C. They are colder and hold less water vapor.

How can wind affect humidity levels in a region?

B. Wind can spread water vapor from one area to another.

How do plants contribute to humidity in an area?

C. They release water vapor through transpiration.

What effect do large bodies of water have on nearby humidity levels?

A. They increase humidity because water can evaporate into the air.

Why do locations near the equator usually have higher humidity?

C. They have higher temperatures that allow more water vapor in the air.

Which statement best explains the relationship between temperature and water vapor?

B. Warmer air can hold more water vapor than cooler air.

Both and __ stay at the bottom of their containers because they have lower freedom of movement.

Liquid and solid

A holds it's shape because it's molecules have low freedom of movement.

solid

A takes shape of the container because it's molecules flow around each other.

Liquid

huge, slow moving sheets of ice

Glaciers

water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers

Groundwater

The amount of water vapor in the air

Humidity

Large body of water surrounded by land; not as large as an ocean

Lakes

a phase change occurs when an object changes its state of matter (ex/ solid → liquid → gas; ice → water → vapor)

phase change

An area or source of a water supply; typically is natural, but could also be man-made

Reservoir

The amount of space an object takes up

volume

are large, natural streams of fresh water.

Rivers

_ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.

Temperature

When you transfer energy into a substance, the , _, and __ increases.

temperature, speed, and kinetic energy

The phase starts as a liquid and I take AWAY energy from the substance, it then becomes a .

Solid

The phase starts as a solid and I ADD energy to the substance, it then becomes a .

Liquid

The phase starts as a liquid and I ADD energy from the substance, it then becomes a .

Gas

The phase starts as a gas and I take AWAY energy from the substance, it then becomes a .

Liquid

Phase change A

melting

Phase change B

vaporizing

Phase change C

condensing

Phase change D

freezing

State of matter - A

solid

State of matter - C

gas

State of matter - B

liquid

residence time

amount of time water stays in a location

1%

percent of freshwater rivers

38%

percent of freshwater soil moisture

8%

percent of freshwater water vapor

52%

percent of freshwater Lakes

3%

percentage of freshwater on Earth

30%

percentage of land on Earth

70%

percentage of water on Earth

97%

percentage of saltwater on Earth

existing in or caused by nature; not made or caused by humankind.

natural

A landform with high elevation and high relief.

mountain

the ability to do work

energy

A long, narrow chain of hills or mountains

ridge

solid to gas

sublimation

a deep, narrow valley with steep sides

canyon

Narrow and deep low area that forms between hills or mountains; usually has a stream/river flowing through it; formed by water; steep sides

v valley

Building blocks of matter

atoms

solid to liquid

melting

steep, high wall of rock, earth, or ice

cliff

Liquid to gas

evaporation

a deep, hollowed-out area under the earth's surface

cave

The amount of space an object takes up

volume

Gas to liquid

condensation

a small area of land that is higher than the land around it

hill

Narrow and deep low area that forms between hills or mountains; usually has a stream/river flowing through it; formed by glacial cuts; flat at the bottom with steep, but smooth sides

u valley

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level

plateau

gas to solid

deposition

a natural feature of the earth's surface.

landform

not natural, but made by people

man made

a strip of land connecting two continents

land bridge

a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

phase change

Anything that has mass and takes up space

matter

liquid to solid

freezing