[Test23] Caries Process, Prevention and Management: Risk Assessment

Which of the following is the definition of risk factor?

A. The probability that an event will occur.

B. The qualitative estimation of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specific hazards.

C. An environmental, biological, behavioral or social factor that increases or decreases the probability of developing disease.

D. None of the above.

c

When taking the patient’s medical history, why is it important to look for clues that could lead to dry mouth?

A. Dry mouth is a factor linked to increased risk of caries because there is insufficient saliva present in the oral cavity to buffer acids and remineralize teeth during acid attacks.

B. Dry mouth causes oral cancer.

C. Dry mouth is always a sign of serious illness.

D. All of the above.

a

Which of the following is a condition that can lead to dry mouth?

A. Diabetes

B. Sjögren’s Syndrome

C. Hormonal changes in menopause

D. All of the above.

d

Which of the following types of medications are NOT commonly linked to dry mouth?

A. Analgesic

B. Antidepressant

C. Antihistamine

D. Antihypertensive

a

Why are patients undergoing radiotherapy at risk for dry mouth?

A. Radiotherapy reduces moisture levels in the body.

B. Radiotherapy causes an autoimmune reaction that dries the body’s tissues.

C. Radiotherapy causes damage to the salivary acinar cells, thereby hindering saliva production.

D. None of the above.

c

How can a dental professional tell if a patient has dry mouth?

A. Ask the patient if they are experiencing discomfort because the mouth feels dry.

B. Check to see if saliva appears frothy.

C. Observe whether the mouth mirror sticks to mucosal surfaces.

D. All of the above.

d

From a patient’s dental history, which of the following indicates high caries risk?

A. A history of multiple restorations.

B. History of a trauma that chipped a tooth.

C. Teeth with white enamel stains.

D. A history of using whitening toothpaste.

a

What is common information to gather when collecting a patient’s dental history?

A. What toothpaste the patient uses

B. How often the teeth are cleaned.

C. Dietary habits that may contribute to caries.

D. All of the above.

d

During the clinical exam, which of the following is a site that is more likely to have caries?

A. A front tooth that has a white enamel discoloration.

B. Front teeth with a diastema (gap).

C. Restorations with faulty margins.

D. A tooth that is smooth.

c

Which of the following might help a patient improve cleaning around carious lesions?

A. Suggesting a different angle for brushing the diseased area.

B. Showing the patient where the lesion is using a radiograph and/or help of a mirror.

C. Saying they should listen to you because you are a professional.

D. A and B

d

What is the typical amount of fluoride recommended for toothpaste?

A. 500 ppm to 1000 ppm

B. 850 ppm to 1150 ppm

C. 2000 ppm to 2500 ppm

D. 2500 ppm to 3000 ppm

b

In a patient with active lesions, how can a dental professional identify potential dietary contributors to caries?

A. Ask the patient to recall all they have consumed over the past 24-hours.

B. Rely solely on the appearance of the lesions.

C. Ask the patient to complete a 3-day food and drink diary.

D. A and C

d

Which of the following is true regarding recalling the patient after a dentist visit?

A. Patients without active caries should return once or twice a year.

B. High-risk patients with poor plaque control may need to return every 2-3 weeks initially.

C. Patients without dry mouth whose caries activity appears under control may only need to be seen every 6 to 12 months.

D. All of the above.

d

Which of the following is NOT a tip that can help patients with dry mouth?

A. Sip water frequently.

B. Use saliva substitutes.

C. Drink caffeinated beverages.

D. None of the above.

c

What percentage of elderly occupants in residential homes ask their caregivers for help with oral hygiene?

A. 50

B. 5

C. 80

D. 100

b