Skin and Reproductive System Anatomy and Pathophysiology

These flashcards cover key concepts from lecture notes on skin and reproductive systems, focusing on anatomy, conditions, and pathophysiology.

What percentage of the body's weight does the skin account for?

Roughly 16%.

What are the three layers of the skin?

Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous fat layer.

Which type of cell constitutes 95% of the epidermis?

Keratinocyte.

What is the function of keratin produced by keratinocytes?

It is essential for protection.

What is the process by which keratinocytes mature and migrate to the outer layer of the skin called?

Keratinization.

Which layer of the epidermis is the deepest and the source of cells for all five epidermal layers?

Stratum germinativum (basal layer).

What type of cells produce melanin in the epidermis?

Melanocytes.

What layer of skin is involved in blister formation?

Basement Membrane Zone.

What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

Produces sebum, which lubricates hair and skin.

How many types of sweat glands are mentioned and what are they?

Three types: Sebaceous, Eccrine, and Apocrine sweat glands.

What are primary skin lesions?

Skin changes that originate in previously normal skin.

What is the difference between a macule and a patch?

A macule is less than 1 cm; a patch is greater than 1 cm.

What characterizes a wheal?

An elevated mass with transient borders, caused by serous fluid moving into the dermis.

What is a common feature of second-degree burns?

They involve the epidermis and a portion of the dermis, are blistered and sensitive to air currents.

What defines malignant melanoma in terms of its cellular origin?

It originates from melanocytes.

What is one sign of basal cell carcinoma?

A pinkish translucent papule with a central depression and shiny, waxy border.

What are features associated with herpes zoster?

Caused by the varicella-zoster virus and presents with vesicular lesions.

What is the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy?

It is related to diabetes mellitus.

What is the function of testosterone in males?

Induces differentiation of the male genital tract, promotes muscle growth and spermatogenesis.

What are the two types of cells involved in prostate conditions like BPH?

Static (physical obstruction) and Dynamic (increased muscle tone).

What hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating testosterone production?

Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

Name one type of skin manifestation associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?

Malar rash.

What is lichen simplex chronicus?

Thickened, leathery, whitened skin caused by chronic scratching.

What is the main physical change in skin as people age?

Thinning of the epidermis and dermis.

What distinguishes presbyopia from other vision changes?

It is a change in the lens due to aging that affects near vision.