Biology and Chemistry Prerequisites Lecture Quiz 1 Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards reviewing biology and chemistry prerequisites including bonding, enzymes, tonicity, and cellular respiration.

Ionic Bond Strength

Bonds that have greater bond strength (energy) than hydrogen bonds.

Amino Acids

The monomers for proteins, not DNA.

Oxidation

A chemical process where a molecule loses hydrogen atoms; gaining hydrogen atoms corresponds to reduction.

Enzyme Active Site

The region of an enzyme that functions to lower the activation energy of substrate molecules, increasing the speed of chemical reactions.

Coenzymes

Molecules that an enzyme may require to change the shape of its active site.

Cofactors

Inorganic or organic components, such as $\text{Ca}^{++}$, that enzymes may require to improve the binding of the substrate to the active site.

Allosteric Sites

Specific sites on an enzyme used to regulate substrate-active site binding.

Hypertonic Solution

An environment with a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm, causing water to move out of the cell.

Competitive Inhibition

Inhibition occurring when a molecule functions as a structural mimic of an enzyme's substrate, disrupting product synthesis and potentially leading to cell death.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Function

Functions to separate hydrogen atoms into protons ($\text{H}^+$) and electrons to produce the proton motive force.