Humoral, neural, and hormonal stimuli
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25 Terms
humoral stimulus
hormone release caused by altered level of certain critical ions or nutrients in the blood
what is an exaple of a humoral stimulus
low blood Ca2+ causes the parathyroid glands to release PTH
what does PTH do to blood calcium
increases blood Ca2+ levels
humoral=
blood chemistry changes
neural stimulus
hormone release caused bu neural input
what is an exaplme of a neural stimulus
action potentials in a preganglionic sympathetic fibers stimulate the adrenal medulla
what hormones does the adrenal medulla release in response to neural stimulation
epinephrine and norepinephrine
neural
nervous system tells glands to release
hormonal stimulu
hormone caused by another hormone
what is another name for a hormone that stimulates another endocrine gland
a tropic hormone
what is an example of hormonal stimulation
hypothalamic hormones stimulate the anterior pituitary, whose hormones then stimulate other endocrine glands.
humoral
ions/nutrientts
neural
nerves
hormonal
another hormone
can the nervous system modify hormone levels
yes
can the nervous system override endocrine controls
yes
what happens during severe stress according to the lecture
hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system can override insulin, allowing blood glucose levels to increase
why does this happen during severe stress
to prepare the body for fight-or-flight
what determines the concentration of a circulationg hormone
the rate of hormone release and the speed at which it is inactivated and removed from the body
how can hormones be removed from the blood
by degrading enzymes, the kidneys, and the liver
what is a hormone’s half-life
time required for the level of a hormone in the blood to decrease by half
how long can hormone half-lives vary
from a fraction of a minute to a week, depending on the hormone
if there are 200 units of a hormone with a 30 minute half-life, how much remains after 30 mins
100 units
how much remains agter 60 mins
50 units
how much remeins after 90 minutes
25 units