AP World Unit 0

Roads

Paths built for travel and transportation, helping people, armies, and goods move between places.

Cyrus the Great

Persian king who founded the Achaemenid Empire and allowed conquered peoples to keep many of their customs.

Karma

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the idea that a person's actions affect their future.

Governor

A person appointed to manage and rule a region for a larger government.

Buddhism

Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama that teaches people to overcome suffering and reach enlightenment.

Siddhartha Gautama

Founder of Buddhism, known as the Buddha ("Enlightened One").

Dharma

A person's religious and moral duties; living according to the proper way of life.

Skepticism

Doubting or questioning accepted beliefs and ideas.

Roman Citizenship

Legal status in Rome that gave people certain rights and protections.

Centralized

A government system where power is concentrated in one central authority.

Philip of Macedon

King of Macedonia who united much of Greece and was the father of Alexander the Great.

Reincarnation

Belief that a person's soul or life continues in a new body after death.

Caste System

A social system that divides people into hereditary social groups, especially associated with ancient India.

Athens

Greek city-state known for democracy, philosophy, education, and the arts.

Alexander the Great

Macedonian ruler who created a huge empire stretching from Greece to Egypt and parts of Asia.

Julius Caesar

Roman general and leader who expanded Rome's territory and helped bring about the end of the Roman Republic.

Hinduism

Ancient Indian religion based on ideas such as karma, dharma, reincarnation, and moksha.

Macedonian Wars

Wars between Rome and Macedon that helped Rome gain control over Greece and the eastern Mediterranean.

Democratic

A system of government in which citizens have a role in choosing leaders or making decisions.

Satrap

A governor who ruled a province of the Persian Empire.

Gupta Empire

Powerful ancient Indian empire known for achievements in science, mathematics, literature, and culture.

Maurya Empire

Large ancient Indian empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya; it included much of the Indian subcontinent.

Punic Wars

Three major wars between Rome and Carthage that ended with Roman control of the western Mediterranean.

Ashoka the Great

Mauryan emperor who converted to Buddhism and promoted peace and religious tolerance.

Zoroastrianism

Ancient Persian religion centered on the god Ahura Mazda and the struggle between good and evil.

Polytheism

Belief in many gods.

Wu of Han

Powerful Han emperor who expanded China and strengthened the government and economy.

Second-Temple Judaism

Period of Jewish history when the Second Temple in Jerusalem existed, from its rebuilding until its destruction by Rome.

Primary Source

Original evidence from the time being studied, such as letters, laws, artifacts, or eyewitness accounts.

Confucius

Chinese philosopher who taught the importance of morality, respect, education, and proper relationships.

Monsoon Winds

Seasonal winds that change direction and helped sailors travel across the Indian Ocean.

Christianity

Monotheistic religion based on the teachings and life of Jesus Christ.

Paul of Tarsus

Early Christian missionary who spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire.

Confucianism

Philosophy based on Confucius that emphasizes education, family, respect, morality, and social order.

Shihuangdi of Qin

First emperor of a unified China; he centralized government and standardized writing, currency, and measurements.

Indian Ocean Trade Network

Trade system connecting East Africa, the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia through the Indian Ocean.

Analects

Collection of sayings and teachings of Confucius and his followers.

Han Dynasty

Chinese dynasty known for expansion, strong government, economic growth, and the development of the Silk Roads.

Monotheism

Belief in one god.

Tanakh

Collection of Jewish sacred scriptures, similar to what Christians call the Old Testament.

Lateen Sails

Triangular sails that allowed ships to sail more effectively against the wind.

Secondary Source

A source created later that analyzes or interprets information about the past.

Liu Bang

Founder of the Han Dynasty who became its first emperor.

Warring States Period

Period in ancient China when several states fought for control before Qin unified China.

Zoroaster

Ancient Persian religious teacher traditionally considered the founder of Zoroastrianism.

Qin Dynasty

Dynasty that unified China in 221 BCE and established a centralized imperial government.

Legalism

Chinese philosophy that believed strict laws and harsh punishments were necessary to maintain order.

Silk Roads

Network of trade routes connecting China with Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, allowing goods and ideas to spread.