01_03&04 Atoms and Bonds

Atoms

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of that type of matter

Proton

A subatomic particle that has a positive charge; generally found in the nucleus of an atom and number of protons determines the what element an atom is

Neutron

A subatomic particle that has no charge; generally found in the nucleus of an atom

Electron

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge; generally found orbiting the nucleus of an atom

Element

A type of matter or "flavor" of matter; 92 naturally occurring elements

Isotope

An atom of an element with a different number of neutrons

HONC

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon; the four most common elements in living things, making up more that 95% of living matter

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond that results between two opposite charges, electrostatic forces attractive between positive and negative charges.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed by sharing electrons between two atoms

Ion

An atom or molecule that has a positive or negative charge

Octet Rule

The tendency for some elements to engage in chemical reactions (forming ionic bons or covalent bonds) that will result in a full outer shell (orbit) of 8 electrons

Compound

A substance composed of more than one type of element

Molecule

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds