Cell Cycle, and mitosis flashcards - Bio 9th 1/6/26

interphase

• longest phase of cell

• when cell carries out normal functions

• cell grows and duplicates DNA

• prepares for division

• G1, S, G2 (phases in order)

• Chromosomes look like long tangled strands, not like X

G1 phase (interphase)

• cell grows significantly,

• synthesizes proteins and organelles, accumulates energy,

• preparing for DNA synthesis.

S phase (interphase)

• DNA Synthesis

• The cell replicates its entire DNA,

• makes 2 identical sister chromatids for each chromosome

G2 Phase

• continues to grow

• makes proteins, organelles

• prepares for division, checks for DNA errors

Mitosis phases

where a cell divides to form 2 new, identical daughter cells

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Prophase

• condenses chromosomes into familiar X shape

  • Purpose: to insure identical DNA in both daughter cells

• nucleus disintegrates

• Centrioles move to opposite sides

metaphase

• chromosomes attach to spindle fibers

• chromosomes line up in middle of cell

anaphase

• chromosomes split

• half moves to one pole and half to other

• cell membrane begins to split

telophase

• nuclear membrane begins to form

• cell membrane continues to split

Cytokinesis

• final stage

• cell membrane, cytoplasm splits