Sociology Chapter 6 Deviance

deviance

any belief, behavior, or condition tat violates social norms in groups/society in which it occurs( relative to the situation). not illegal behavior- but seen as inappropriate

crime

sometimes deviance is _____its a violation of formal norms ( written down) and are punishable

juvenile delinquency

any violation of formal norm or status offense that's 18-under

social control mechanisms

systematic practices that society puts in place to encourage conformity and discourage deviance ( example raise your hand and dont call out). some are internal( based on socialization) and external (based on negative sanctum)

Durkheim

Functionalist's perspective on deviance

Durkheim

he saw deviance as something that was natural and inevitable in all societies because he recognized that we need to have social change

anomie (lack of moral standards in a society noun)

social change leads to ____, lack of moral standards in a society

anomie

___leads to reduced level of social integration and deviance ( if you dont understand society's norms- you'll create deviance)

1. unifies a group

2. clarifies rules

3. promotes social change

3 functions of deviance by Durkheim

Merton's Strain Theory

people feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain. because they don't have access to cultural approved means of achieving those goals

cultural goals

what people want like home ownership

conformists

use culturally approved means of achieving those goals ( example- we are in school- doing what society wants us to do )

innovators

unconventional means to achieve those goals

ritualists

those who do whatever it is society wants them to do . However they are unable to achieve the goals

retreatists

those who dont have the means or goals and dont care. their goals aren't the same as society's goals.

rebellion

so outside of society that they wont participate

Cloward and Ohlin

they talk about opportunity theory- taking strain theory a step further for deviance to occur- people have to have access to illegitimate structures or circumstances that provide an opportunity. ( example- cant makes money so sell drugs) problem with that if you dont have access to it because you dont have access to those structures...so you cant engage in deviant behavior

Sundeland

was a symbolic internationalist- theory of differential association

Theory of Differential Association

individuals have a greater tendency to deviate from society norms when they receive an excess of deviance definitions from those who are more favorable towards deviances than conformity. ( example "dont hang out with x because of y ")

rational choice theory of deviance

has to do with exchange theory- weigh costs and benefits

rational

make a decision to whether your behavior outweights the costs

Lemert

this guy talked about primary deviance, secondary deviance, and tertiary deviance

primary deviance

( no 1 knows) initial act of rule break - you know your deviant but non one else has to know

secondary deviance

( accepts it) when a person whoses been labeled as a deviant - accepts the new idenitity and continues the deviant behavior ( example: see me smoke a joint...ill continue to do it )

tertiary deviance

(Normalize it)occurs when a person whose been labeled deviant seeks to normalize the behavior but relabeling it as non deviant ( example- hey i hear you smoke week..."yeah so does everyone"- normalize the deviant behavior)

label

attached ___to our actions make people perceive who you are. idea of it- its symbolic interaction has to do with power- people with power can apply ___ to others

labeling theory

deviance is a socially constructed process in which social control agencies deem certain people deviant and they in turn accept the label and then act according

deviance

anything that violates a norm

Becker

came up with labeling theory

moral entrepreneurs

those who decide what is right and what is wrong and impose their views on others. they dictate their version of right and wrong

Reckless and Hirschi

two people who studied social bonding

Reckless

this guy said that people insulate the themselves from crime by the use of inner and outer containment

inner containment

Reckless said that-____ is the self control/conscience sense of responsible, resistance to divergence

outer containment

has to do with family, friends- ppl who have influence, social expectations ( if one has high level of both they are less likely to engage in deviance)

Hirschi's control theory

Probability of deviant behavior when a person tires of society - are weakened or broken.

series of inner and outer control- attachment to other- ouer. committment to conformity- inner. belief of legitmacy of convential borms and values- inner. develop inner and out controls

conflict theory

power struggle.

in terms of power we makes the rules. we are not in positions were we can make the rules.( we are not in positions where we can make the rules- political and economical elites create the norms motivated by their best interest)

felonies and misdemeanors

crime is divided into 2 categories

Unifrm Crime Report

UCR covers eight crimes called index crimes

arson

murder

larceny

robbery

forcible rape

aggravated assalt

burglary

motor vehicle theft

the 8 index crimes ( amy must leave robby. frankie advises burglars more)

1. conventional crime

2. occupational and corporate crime

3. political crime

4. organized crime

4 types of crimes

conventional crime

street crime

all violent crime (threat of force), property, and moral /victimless crime( voluntarily entered- prostitutes).

occupational and corporate crime

white collar crimes

it is illegal activities- committee by people in the course of their employment or managing their financial affair

corporate crime

more specifically - illegal act- performed and committeed by corporate employees- on behalf of the corporation

political crime

illegal unethical acts- involving the user patient of power by government officials ( against the gvt.)

organized crime

business operation supplies illegal goods/services ( loan sharking, online poker etc...)

National Crime Victimization survey

NEVS- looks at the victims rather than the police ( 3 mos common- DUI, larsony , criminal mischief

criminal justice system

police, courts. correctional systems

police

responsible for crime- maintenance of order

courts

in a place to make a decision on guilt and innocence-

retribution, deterrence, incapacitation

3 goals of prison

retribution

pay back- time/make you give back

deterrence

deter other from doing crimes

incapacitation

the policy of keeping dangerous criminals in confinement to eliminate the risk of their repeating their offense in society.

take away their capacit to engage in certain behaviors

recidivism

habitual relapse into crime noun

hang out with people who enagage in criminal behavior- people get out and they tehy go back it- easier t make it on on the inside

re-socializiation

can voluntary/ involuntary.

degradation ceremony

degrading you with intent. loss your sense of self