Integumentary System - Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on the integumentary system, including skin structure, layers, glands, hair, nails, and common conditions. Fill-in-the-blank style questions to aid recall.

The integumentary system is derived from the Latin word 'INTEGUMENTUM' meaning __.

a covering

Skin is the largest organ of the human body, measuring about __.

20 square feet

The superficial part of the skin is the __.

epidermis

The deep part of the skin is the __.

dermis

The basal layer is also known as the __ layer due to constant germination.

stratum germinativum

Melanocytes produce the pigment known as __.

melanin

Sun exposure causes melanocytes to increase production, producing a __.

suntan

The epidermal layer known as the 'spiny layer' is the __.

stratum spinosum

The outermost layer of the epidermis is the __, also called the horny layer.

stratum corneum

Langerhans cells are found in the __ layer and alert the immune system to invading antigens.

stratum spinosum

Keratinocytes move upward through the stratum __ on their way to the surface.

granulosum

In thick skin, the stratum __ is present between the granulosum and the corneum.

lucidum

The stratum corneum turnover occurs every __ days in young adults.

28 to 30

The dermis is composed mainly of __ fibers.

collagen

The upper dermal layer is the __ layer.

papillary layer

The lower, thicker dermal layer is the __ layer.

reticular layer

The innermost layer (hypodermis) stores __.

fat

Hair and nails are composed mostly of hard __ keratin.

keratin

The upper segment of a hair follicle is called the __.

infundibulum

Hair follicles help repair skin by forming new blood vessels in a process called __.

angiogenesis

Hair follicles can contribute to __ by forming new neurons.

neurogenesis

The growth phase of the hair cycle is __.

anagen

The transition phase of the hair cycle is __.

catagen

The resting phase of the hair cycle is __.

telogen

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks hair __.

follicles

Folliculitis is inflammation of hair __.

follicles

Hidradenitis suppurativa tends to start after __.

puberty

Telogen effluvium involves premature entry of hair into the __ phase.

telogen

Nails provide protection and __ sensation.

tactile

The area proximal to the sterile matrix where keratinocytes divide to form the nail plate is the __.

germinal matrix

Hyponychium is distal to the nail bed, located beneath the __ edge.

free

Eponychium (cuticle) is a layer of __ that extends between the skin and proximal nail plate.

stratum corneum (cuticle)

Ingrown toenail is invagination of a nail border into its adjacent nail __.

fold

Onychomycosis is most commonly caused by __.

dermatophytes

Ceruminous glands are modified __ glands in the lining of the external ear canal.

apocrine

Impacted cerumen is obstruction of the external auditory canal by __.

earwax (cerumen)

Mammary glands develop within the female breast only during __ and lactation.

pregnancy

Sebaceous glands secrete by __ secretion.

holocrine

Sebum is composed of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and __ fatty acids.

free fatty

Sebaceous gland activity increases at __ due to androgens.

puberty

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the __ unit.

pilosebaceous

Common topical treatments for acne include benzoyl peroxide and __.

retinoids

The two layers of the dermis are the papillary and the __ layers.

reticular

Complete turnover of the stratum corneum in young adults is __ days.

28 to 30