MCQ- Historical PEOPLE

Andreas Vesalius

Founder of modern human anatomy; wrote De Humani Corporis Fabrica

De Humani Corporis Fabrica

Corrected Galenic anatomy using human dissection

William Harvey

First to fully describe blood circulation

Karl Landsteiner

Father of transfusion; discovered ABO blood groups

Alexander S. Wiener

Discovered Rhesus (Rh) factor enabling safe blood transfusions

William Thomas Green Morton

First public demonstration of inhalation anesthesia using ether.
Painless surgery

Horace Wells

Pioneered anesthesia in dentistry using nitrous oxide (laughing gas)

Crawford Williamson Long

Introduced inhaled diethyl ether for anesthesia before Morton
Physician and Pharmacist.

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Discovered X-rays

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

Father of handwashing; pioneered antiseptic procedures using chlorinated lime

Joseph Lister

Introduced phenol (carbonic acid) as antiseptic for open wounds

Louis Pasteur

Father of pasteurization; developed rabies and anthrax vaccines

Edward Jenner

Developed the first vaccine in history (smallpox)

Jonas Salk

Created polio vaccine administered via IV injection

Albert Sabin

Created oral polio vaccine

Christian Eijkman

Demonstrated beri-beri is caused by poor diet

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Deficiency causes beri-beri

Sir Frederick Hopkins

Discovered vitamins as accessory food factors

Tryptophan

Amino acid discovered by Sir Frederick Hopkins

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin

Gerhard Domagk

Discovered Protonsil; first commercially available antibiotic (sulfonamide)

Frederick Banting

Isolated insulin

Charles Best

Conducted further research on isolated insulin

John James Macleod

Provided laboratory space for insulin research

Harold E. Varmus & J. Michael Bishop

Discovered retroviral oncogenes

Luc Montagnier & Françoise Barré-Sinoussi

Discovered HIV

Robert Gallo

Co-discovered HIV; developed first HIV blood test (ELISA)

Harald zur Hausen

Linked HPV to cervical cancer

ELISA

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay used to detect antibodies or antigens in blood