C34 - Zhong BIOL1030

is phylum chordata protostome or deuterostome

deuterostome

what type of symmetry does phylum chordata have

bilateral

which phylum is most closely related to phylum chordata

phylum echinodermata

a tunicate is a part of which phylum

chordata

what is unique about subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata

they are non-vertebrate chordates

which subphylum is where "real vertebrae" are

subphylum craniate

which group of vertebrates doesn't have a skull and backbone made of vertebrae

none

which group of vertebrates doesn't have a jaw and mineralized skeleton

hagfish/lampreys

which groups of vertebrates don't have lobed fins

hagfishes/lamprey, sharks/rays/chimaeras, ray-finned fishes

which groups of vertebrates have limbs with digits

amphibians, mammals/reptiles

which groups of vertebrates have lobed fins

coelacanths, lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles/mammals

which group of vertebrates have an amniotic egg

mammals/reptiles

(paraphyletic/monophyletic/polyphyletic): Phylum Mixini

paraphyletic

(paraphyletic/monophyletic/polyphyletic): Phylum Petromyzontida

paraphyletic

(paraphyletic/monophyletic/polyphyletic): Phylum Chondrichthyes

paraphyletic

(paraphyletic/monophyletic/polyphyletic): Phylum Actinopterygii

paraphyletic

(paraphyletic/monophyletic/polyphyletic): Phylum Actinistia

paraphyletic

(paraphyletic/monophyletic/polyphyletic): Phylum Dipnoi

paraphyletic

true/false: Phyla Amphibia, Reptilia, and Mammalia are paraphyletic

false

which group of vertebrates produces milk

mammals

what does the notochord develop into

vertebral column

true/false: less derived traits have a vertebral column that develops from the notochord

false

true/false: dorsal, hollow nerve cord is a derived feature for Phylum Chordata

true

true/false: pharyngeal gill slits are derived features for Phylum Chordata

true

where are pharyngeal gill slits located

in the throat region

true/false: post-anal tail is a derived feature for Phylum Chordata

true

what is the main function of the post-anal tail

propulsion in water

common name for subphylum cephalochordata

lancelets

at what stage in life do lancelets have all 4 common chordata features

adult stage

true/false: lancelets have all 4 common features in the larval stage

false

what are myomeres

segmented body muscles

which subphylum has myomeres

cephalochordata

subphylum cephalochordata (lancelets)

what subphylum and common name

common name for subphylum Urochordata

tunicates/sea squirts

which subphylum has tadpole-like larvae that share 4 common chordate features

subphylum urochordata

true/false: adult sea squirts resemble chordates

false

the tunic is a big feature of which subphylum

urochordata

what is the tunic

thick layer (epidermis) make of cellulose

what is the main purpose of gill slits

feeding

what is a siphon

tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves the body

which subphylum has a siphon

subphylum Urochordata

subphylum Urochordata (tunicates)

what subphylum and common name

which organ develops under control of the same Hox genes and pattern of expression as vertebrates

the brain

the skull/cranium is a main feature of which Phylum

Phylum Craniata

what replaces the notochord in Phylum Craniata

vertebral column

what is special about the vertebral column in phylum craniata

it's more derived

what is the neural crest

a collection of cells near the dorsal margins of the closing neural tube in an embryo

which phylum has a neural crest

phylum craniate

which layer is the neural crest derived from

ectoderm ,

which structure is called "the 4th germ layer"

neural crest

how many chambers does the chart have in phylum craniata

2

which phylum has a unique kidney

phylum craniata

which phylum has highly developed internal organs

phylum craniata

what is the endoskeleton made of

cartilage or bone

the fish clade is (mono/para/poly)phyletic

para

main function of gills

respiration

what is icthyology

study of fish

which group is jawed fish

gnathostomata

what benefit do lobed fins give

better movement with stronger fin

which fish class is jawless

class Agnatha

which fish class includes lampreys and hagfishes

class agnatha

what is the main difference between lampreys and hagfishes

lampreys have osmoregulation/can migrate, and hagfish don't have osmoregulation/can't migrate

which fish class is cartilaginous fishes

class Chondrichthyes

subclass elasmobranchii is part of which class

Chondrichthyes

which 2 organisms are in subclass elasmobranchii

sharks and rays

which subclass was removed from class Chondrichthyes

subclass holocephali

which class includes bony fishes

class Osteichthyes

subclass dipnoi is in which fish class

Osteichthyes

which organism is in subclass dipnoi

lungfish

subclass crossopterygii is in which fish class

osteichthyes

which organism is in subclass crossopterygii

coelacanths

subclass actinopterygii is in which fish class

Osteichthyes

which organism is in subclass actinopterygii

ray-finned fishes

which 2 subclasses are grouped into the "lobefin clade"

subclass dipnoi and subclass crossopterygii

which clade is closest to tetrapods

lobefin clade

subclass myxini includes which organism

hagfishes

which subclass is all marine and acts as the main basal group

Myxini

what are hagfishes skulls made of

cartilage

what 2 features are hagfish missing

vertebral column and jaw

which subclass produces slime

myxini (hagfishes)

what is the main defensive structure for hagfish

slime

class Agnatha (hagfish)

what class and common name

what system do hagfishes lack

osmotic

common name of cephalaspidomorphi

lampreys

common name of petromyzontida

lampreys

what is the oldest vertebrate lineage

lampreys

what is a feature lampreys have that makes them different from hagfishes

oral disk with teeth

what class and what common name class Agnatha (lampreys)

what class and what common name

which 3 groups are considered tetrapods

amphibia, reptilia, mammalia

what are Chondrichthyes skeletons made of

cartilage

which class has movable jaws with paired fins

Chondrichthyes

which class has a ventral mouth with well-developed teeth

chondrichthyes

chondrichthyes (shark)

which class and common name

which organism has a streamlined body

sharks

what does it mean for an animal to have a streamlined body

they have to keep swimming to survive

what organ is lacking in order for certain animals to strategize buoyancy

swim bladder

which organism has placoid scales

sharks

where is a shark heterocoal

dorsal near fins

where is oil stored to help maintain buoyancy

liver

which 2 muscles are used to pump water over gills

jaw and pharynx