eng lang vocab

Insidious (adj.) — Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.

P1- hook and problem

How to use it: "While this issue may seem harmless on the surface, its impact on our community is far more insidious than we care to admit."

While this argument may seem harmless on the surface, its impact on our society is far more insidious than most realize."

Pervasive (adj.) — Spreading widely throughout an area or group of people (especially something unwelcome).

P1

We can no longer afford to ignore the pervasive belief that [insert topic] is

acceptable."

the pervasive belief that young people are lazy." /'...the pervasive myth that travel is a waste of money.".

Egregious(adj.) — Outstandingly bad; shocking.

P2- core argument

How to use it: "To allow such outdated practices to continue in the 21st century is an egregious failure of leadership."

To allow such an egregious error in judgement to continue in the 21st century is utterly indefensible."

4. Myopic (adj.) — Short-sighted; lacking foresight or intellectual insight.

P2

How to use it: "Focusing purely on short-term profits is a dangerously myopic approach to a long-term crisis."

To view [insert topic] in such a narrow way is an absurdly myopic perspective."

5. Specious (adj.) - Superficially plausible, but actually wrong or misleading.

P3- counter arguments

How to use it: "Opponents often rely on specious logic to defend their position, hoping the public won't look beneath the surface."

Equivocate(verb) — To use ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself.

P3

How to use it: "Politicians can no longer afford to equivocate on this issue; direct action is required now."

7. Imperative(noun/adj.) — An essential or urgent thing; vital.

Paragraph 4: The Call to Action / Conclusion

(Tone: Empowering & Decisive)

How to use it: "Implementing these reforms is not merely a polite suggestion; it is a moral imperative."

8. Paramount(adj.) — More important than anything else; supreme.

How to use it: "The safety and well-being of the next generation must remain paramount above all financial considerations."

Sycophantic (adj.)

Meaning: Behaving in a subservient or overly flattering way to gain advantage.

Q5 Example: "Rather than challenging the toxic culture of social media, regulatory bodies have offered nothing more than sycophantic compliance to tech CEOs."

4. Pernicious (adj.)

Meaning: Having a subtle, gradual, or hidden harmful effect.

Q5 Example: "The pernicious spread of online misinformation quietly erodes the very foundations of democratic trust."

5. Ephemeral (adj.)

Meaning: Lasting for a very short time; fleeting.

Q5 Example: "Modern culture trades long-term fulfillment for the ephemeral rush of social media validation."

Anachronistic (adj.)

Meaning: Belonging to a period other than that in which it exists; hopelessly out of date.

Q5 Example: "Insisting on formal written examinations in an age dominated by artificial intelligence feels strikingly anachronistic."

Quintessential (adj.)

Meaning: Representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

Q5 Example: "Volunteering at a local shelter is the quintessential expression of civic duty and community pride."

Ubiquity (n.)

Meaning: The state of being everywhere or exceedingly common.

Q5 Example: "Despite the ubiquity of fast-food chains, local councils must take decisive steps to limit their expansion near schools.

9. Extrapolate (v.)

Meaning: To estimate, infer, or conclude based on existing trend lines or data.

Q5 Example: "If we extrapolate our current rates of plastic consumption, future generations will inherit oceans emptied of life."

Ameliorate (v.)

Meaning: To make something bad, painful, or unsatisfactory better.

Q5 Example: "Targeted funding for youth centers will directly ameliorate the rising rates of antisocial behavior in urban areas."