Biogeochemical Cycles

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11 Terms

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Photosynthesis

removes CO₂ from the atmosphere

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Respiration

returns CO₂ to the atmosphere

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Decomposition

releases CO₂ from organic matter

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Fossil fuel combustion

major human source of increasing CO₂

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Ocean CO₂ absorption

causes acidification (carbonic acid formation)

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Nitrogen fixation

N₂ → NH₄⁺ by bacteria or lightning

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Nitrification

NH₄⁺ → NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻ by bacteria

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Assimilation

plants take up NO₃⁻ or NH₄⁺

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Ammonification

organic nitrogen → NH₄⁺ via decomposers

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Denitrification

NO₃⁻ → N₂ gas returned to atmosphere

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Human nitrogen impacts

fertilizer runoff, algal blooms, dead zones, acid rain