AP World Unit 3 SPICE chart (1450-1750)

Social

Social Elites
- Mandarins in Ming/Qing
- Janissaries and the Devshirme in Ottoman Empire

Political

Major Empires
- Russian, Ming/Qing, Mughal, Safavid, Ottoman, Inca, Aztec, Songhai
State Rivalries
- Safavid vs. Mughal Wars
- 30 Years War
- Songhai vs. Morocco Wars
- Ottoman vs. Safavids religious conflicts

Environmental

Population Growth
- China, Mughal Empire, Europe and Ottoman Empire population growth causing increased pressure on the environment

Cultural

Belief Systems Supporting or Opposing Empires:
- Sikhism
- Protestant Reformation
- Twelver Shiism
- Aztec human sacrifice
- European Divine Right of Kings
- Songhai Islam

Economic

Tax collection systems:
- Mughal zamindar tax collection
- Ottoman tax farmers
- Aztec tribute list
- Ming collecting taxes in harsh currency
Growth and intensification of land trade routes

Technology

Gunpowder Weapons
- Hand cannons in China
- Great bombards in Europe
Printing Press (in Europe, much earlier in Asia)
New Architectural tech
- Indo-Islamic Architecture
- Renaissance in Europe