AP World Unit 3 SPICE chart (1450-1750)

Social

Social

<b>Social Elites</b>
- Mandarins in Ming/Qing
- Janissaries and the Devshirme in Ottoman Empire

Political

<b>Major Empires</b>
- Russian, Ming/Qing, Mughal, Safavid, Ottoman, Inca, Aztec, Songhai
<b>State Rivalries</b>
- Safavid vs. Mughal Wars
- 30 Years War
- Songhai vs. Morocco Wars
- Ottoman vs. Safavids religious conflicts

Environmental

<b>Population Growth</b>
- China, Mughal Empire, Europe and Ottoman Empire population growth causing increased pressure on the environment

Cultural

<b>Belief Systems Supporting or Opposing Empires:</b>
- Sikhism
- Protestant Reformation
- Twelver Shiism
- Aztec human sacrifice
- European Divine Right of Kings
- Songhai Islam

Economic

<b>Tax collection systems:</b>
- Mughal zamindar tax collection
- Ottoman tax farmers
- Aztec tribute list
- Ming collecting taxes in harsh currency
<b>Growth and intensification of land trade routes</b>

Technology

<b>Gunpowder Weapons</b>
- Hand cannons in China
- Great bombards in Europe
<b>Printing Press (in Europe, much earlier in Asia)</b>
<b>New Architectural tech</b>
- Indo-Islamic Architecture
- Renaissance in Europe