NSTP:Disaster A,P,M

Disaster

are catastrophic

events arising from Natural or

Human-induced Hazards that

create significant damage in the

community and disruption in the

functioning of a society.

Natural Hazards

Pose a potential threat to human life, property, and the

environment. When these events negatively impact

vulnerable communities and cause widespread

destruction, they are classified as natural disasters.

Hydrometeorological Hazard

is a natural hazard caused by atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic processes. These hazards are related to weather, climate, and water, and they can cause damage to people, property, agriculture, and the environment

tropical cyclone

(hurricanes/typhoons)Powerful storms with strong winds, heavy rain, and storm surges.

Floods

Overflow of water onto normally dry land due to heavy rainfall, river overflow, or storm surges.

Drought

A prolonged period of little or no rainfall that causes water shortage

storm surges

Abnormal rises in sea level caused by intense storms.

Rain induced landslide

A landslide triggered by heavy or prolonged rainfall that saturates the soil, causing it to become unstable and slide downhill.

tropical cyclones, flood, drought, storm surge, rain-induced landslide

Examples of hydrometeorological hazards

geological or geophysical hazard

A natural hazard caused by processes within the Earth, such as the movement of tectonic plates, volcanic activity, or ground movement.

Earthquake

Sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.

volcanic activity

The release of lava, ash, gases, and rocks from a volcano.

tsunami

A series of large ocean waves usually caused by an underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide.

Earthquake-induced landslide

A landslide triggered by shaking of the ground during an earthquake, causing soil, rocks or debris to move down a slope

Human induced hazard

Hazards caused by human activities, accidents, negligence, or technological failures.

earthquake, volcanic activity, earthquake induced landslide, tsunami

examples of geological/geophysical hazard

Fire

The uncontrolled burning of materials that can cause injury, death, and property damage.

fires, accident, air crash, pollution, civic disturbance, terrorist attacks, explosions, armed conflicts

example of human induced hazards

Accident

An unexpected event caused by human error, equipment failure, or unsafe conditions that results in injury or damage.

aircraft crash

An accident involving an aircraft that may cause injuries, deaths, and property damage.

pollution

The contamination of air, water, or land by harmful substances.

civic disturbance

Public disorder involving riots, protests, or violent demonstrations that disrupt peace and safety.

terrorist attack

A violent act intended to create fear and achieve political, religious, or ideological goals.

explosion

A sudden and violent release of energy that can cause injuries, deaths, and structural damage.

armed conflict

Fighting between armed groups or countries that causes loss of life, destruction, and displacement of people.

tropical cyclone

A rotating storm system that forms over warm ocean waters, bringing strong winds, heavy rainfall, and possible flooding and storm surges.

Tropical Depression (TD): ≤ 62 km/h

Tropical Storm (TS): 63-88 km/h

Severe Tropical Storm (STS): 89-117 km/h

Typhoon (TY): 118-184 km/h

Super Typhoon (STY): ≥185 km/h

Classification of Tropical Cyclones (PAGASA March 23, 2022)

Tropical Depression(TD)

A tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of up to 62 km/h.

Tropical storm (TS)

tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 63-88 kph

Severe tropical storm(sts)

tropical

cyclone with maximum wind speed of 87 to 117

kph

typhoon(TY)

tropical cyclone with maximum w/

speed of 118 to 184 kph.

super typhoon(sty)

a tropical cyclone

with maximum wind speed exceeding 185 kph.

Super Typhoon Inday (Bavi) - July 2026 - 185-230 km/h

Super Typhoon Francisco (Mekkhala) - June 2026 - 230-280 km/h

Super Typhoon Odette (Rai) - 2021 - 280 km/h

Super Typhoon Rolly (Goni) - 2020 - 215-265 km/h

Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) - 2013 - 315 km/h ⭐ Strongest

Examples of Super Typhoons in the Ph

yolanda(haiyan)

Strongest super typhoon in the Philippines

39-61 km/h

36 hours

Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #1

Wind Threat:

Warning Lead Time:

62-88 km/h

24 hours

Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #2

Wind Threat:

Warning Lead Time:

89-117 km/h

18 hours

Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #3

Wind Threat:

Warning Lead Time:

118-184 km/h

12 hours

Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #4

Wind Threat

Warning Lead Time:

185 km/h or higher

12 hours

Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #5

Wind Threat:

Warning Lead Time:

Yellow Warning

Advisory

Community

AWARENESS

Orange Warning

Alert

Community

PREPAREDNESS

Red Warning

Emergency

Community

RESPONSE

Yellow, Orange, Red

Rainfall warning icons (colors)

Yellow Warning, Red Warning, Orange Warning

_____Flooding is POSSIBLE in low-

lying areas and near river

channels

_______SEVERE Flooding is

EXPECTED. Take the

necessary precautionary

measures.

_______Flooding is THREATENING in

low-lying areas and near river

channels

Storm Surge

The abnormal rise in sea level

that occurs during tropical

cyclones or “bagyo”. It is caused

by strong winds and low

atmospheric pressures produced

by tropical cyclones.

Daluyong ng Bagyo

Storm surge in tagalog

Hydrometeorological Hazard

_____of atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic origin

Geological or geophysical hazard

Originate from internal earth processes

human-induced hazard

induced entirely and predominantly by human activities and choices

Pacific Ring of Fire

A horseshoe-shaped zone surrounding the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis occur due to the movement of tectonic plates.

Fault

___lines are cracks or fractures in the Earth’s crust

where rocks have moved. They are one of the main

reasons earthquakes occur, as they are the locations

where stress builds up and is suddenly released.

Normal Fault, Reverse Fault, strike slip fault

types of fault lines

Normal Fault

A fault where the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall due to tensional forces (the crust is pulled apart).

Reverse Fault

A fault where the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall due to compressional forces (the crust is pushed together).

Strike-slip Fault

A fault where two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other due to shearing forces.

Ocean Trenches

are steep depressions in the deepest

parts of the ocean where old ocean crust from one

tectonic plate is pushed beneath another plate, raising

mountains, causing earthquakes, and forming

volcanoes on the seafloor and on land

Continental Plate

A large tectonic plate composed mainly of continental crust that forms the Earth's continents. It is thicker and less dense than an oceanic plate.

Oceanic Plate

A tectonic plate composed mainly of oceanic crust beneath the oceans. It is thinner and denser than a continental plate.

Slip of oceanic plate

The process in which the denser oceanic plate sinks beneath a continental plate or another oceanic plate at a convergent boundary.

Magnitude and

Intensity.

Two ways to measure

the strength of an

Earthquake:

Magnitude

it is the energy released by an earthquake at the focus. It is calculated from earthquakes recorded by an instrumental called SEISMOGRAPH

Seismograph

An instrument used to detect and record seismic waves produced by an earthquake.

Intensity

it is the strength of an earthquake perceived and felt by people in a certain locality. Intensity is generally higher near the epicenter.

epicenter

Intensity is generally higher near the _____

epicenter

the point of the earths surface directly above the focus(hypocenter) of an earthquake, where the shaking is usually strongest

Scarcely Perceptive

Slightly felt

Weak

Moderately strong

strong

destructive

very destructive

devastating

completely devastating

Earthquake intensity scale

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

6-

7-

8-

9-

10-

tsunami

____ is Japanese term of “ harbour wave”

harbour wave

tsunami is the japanese term of

Tsunami

is a series of sea waves commonly

generated by under-the-sea Earthquakes.

Aside from under-the-sea earthquakes,

____can also be produced by under water

landslides, volcanic eruption and rarely large

meteorite impact in the oceans.

ground rupture

The breaking or cracking of the Earth's surface caused by the movement of a fault during an earthquake.

liquefaction

A phenomenon in which water-saturated soil loses its strength during an earthquake and behaves like a liquid.

RA 10121

What RA?

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. It establishes a comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation in the Philippines.

1. Diaster Prevention and Mitigation

2. Disaster Preparedness

3. Disaster Response

4. Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Four priority thematic areas of The Philippine DRRM

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Measures taken to avoid or reduce the risks and impacts of disasters before they occur.

Vulnerability

The degree to which people, property, or communities are susceptible to the damaging effects of hazards.

disaster

A serious disruption caused by a hazard that results in widespread damage, loss of life, and impacts beyond a community's ability to cope using its own resources.

already happened

vulnerable

Being more likely to be harmed or affected by a hazard or disaster due to physical, social, economic, or environmental conditions.

Prevention

Activities and measures to

avoid existing and new

disaster risks (often less

costly than disaster relief and

response).

For example: Relocating

exposed people and assets

away from a hazard area.

Mitigation

The lessening or limitation of

the adverse impacts of

hazards and related

disasters.

For example: Constructing

flood defenses, planting

trees to stabilize slopes and

implementing strict land use

and building construction

codes

Go Bag

A portable emergency bag containing essential supplies needed for immediate evacuation during a disaster.

Common contents:

Water

Ready-to-eat food

First aid kit

Flashlight

Exposure

The presence of people, property, infrastructure, or other elements in areas that may be affected by hazards.

susceptibility

The likelihood of people, property, or communities being harmed when exposed to a hazard.

coping capacities

The ability of people or communities to use available resources and skills to manage and respond to disasters.

adaptive capacities

The ability of people or communities to adjust to hazards or changing conditions to reduce future disaster risks and impacts

know your environment

A safe learning environment ensures students are

protected from physical and environmental hazards

✓ Conduct of Climate and Disaster Risk Impact

Assessment

✓ Identify safe shelter and evacuation routes

✓ Identify high risk and unsafe areas

✓ Know nearest government authorizes who can

easily respond during emergencies such as the

PNP, BFP, Hospitals, Coast Guard , etc.

II. Know the people around you

✓ Be able to identify school authorities and

personnel who have the capacity to respond

during emergencies.

✓ Database of PWDs for immediate

assistance during emergencies

III. Information Management

✓ Information management involves gathering,

storing, and proper disseminating of

information by authorized personnel.

Involvement and Participation

✓ Join various training and capacity-building

opportunities such as :

➢ Disaster risk reduction & management

seminars.

➢ First Aid and Basic Life Support Trainings

➢ Environmental and Climate Change

awareness and adaptation

➢ Earthquake, Fire Drill and Tsunami Drills

Practice and share

✓ Put into practice what have been learned

✓ Share knowledge and skills to in your

academic community as well as to your family

and local community

Know Your Environment

Know the People Around You

Information Management

Practice and Share

Stay Alert, Be Courageous, Learn to Take Responsibility, and Always Be on the Safe Side

five guidelines (or key principles/steps) of Disaster Preparedness and School Preparedness and Management.

Benjamin Franklin

By failing to prepare ,

you are preparing to

fail

by

Disaster Preparedness

Activities and plans that prepare people and communities to respond effectively before a disaster occurs.

Disaster Response

Actions taken during or immediately after a disaster to save lives, reduce suffering, and meet the basic needs of affected people.

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Activities that restore and improve communities, infrastructure, and livelihoods after a disaster.

Kiyapo-July

How many tropical cyclones have entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) from January 2026 up to the present?

Zeny

What is the last (25th) tropical cyclone name on PAGASA's 2026 naming list?

maasim, saranggani(mindanao)

Saang lugar sa

Pillipanas nagkaroon

ng malakas na lindol

na umabot ng

Magnitude 7.8 noong

June 8, 2026

June 8, 2026, 7.8

Kailan nagkaroon ng lindol sa saranggani noong ____. Magnitude: