AP PSYCH BRAIN QUIZ

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26 Terms

1

Corpus Callosum

Bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres, messages move from one side of the brain to the other

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2

Lateralization

Each brain hemisphere has its own distinct functions

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3

Left Hemisphere

Specializes in language, speech, handwriting, calculation, sense of time and rhythm (thought requiring analysis)

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4

Right Hemisphere

Specializes in more widespread processing involving perception, visualization, spatial perception, recognition of patterns, faces, emotions, melodies, and expression of emotions

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5

Cerebral Cortex “Gray Matter”

Outer layer of the brain; distinctly human traits including higher thought, language, and human consciousness as well as the ability to think, reason and imagine all originate in the cerebral cortex

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6

Lobes

Areas of the cerebral cortex, location and primary function, each with a specialty

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7

Frontal Lobes

Areas of the cortex location in the front and top of the brain, associated with reasoning, motor skills, higher level cognition, and expressive language

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8

Prefrontal Cortex (Frontal Lobe Association Area)

This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior

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9

Motor Cortex (Frontal Lobe Association Are)

This area of the brain receives information from various lobes of the brain and utilizes this information to carry out body movements

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10

Broca’s Area (Frontal Lobe Association Area)

Located in the lower portion of the left frontal lobe, controls motor functions involved with speech production and language comprehension; may be involved with muscle movements for speech

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11

Parietal Lobes

Sections of the brain located at the top and back of each cerebral hemisphere containing the centers of processing sensory signals such as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

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12

Somatosensory Cortex (Parietal Lobes Association Area)

Part of your brain that receives and processes sensory information from the entire body

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13

Occipital Lobes

Sections of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere containing the visual centers of the brain; information from the left half of visual field of both eyes processed in the right occipital lobe, the rest processed in the left occipital lobe

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14

Visual Association Cortex

Recognizes lines, angles, shapes, shadows, and movement

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15

Temporal Lobe

Areas of the cortex located just behind the temples containing the neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech

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16

Wernicke’s Area

Located in the temporal lobe on the left side of the brain and is responsible for the comprehension of speech; plans for meaningful speech created here (Broca’s Area determines movements needed for vocalization)

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17

Brainstem

Most primitive part of the brain, base of brain connected to spinal cord; controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body; controls basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and whether one is awake or sleepy

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18

Medulla Oblongata

Located at the top of the spiral cord (transition zone) controls life-sustaining functions; controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure; where most fibers cross, resulting in contralateral (opposite side) control

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19

Pons

The larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom, the bridge between cerebral hemispheres and both medulla & cerebellum; role in several autonomic functions such as stimulating breathing and controlling sleep cycles

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20

The Reticular Formation

Network of nerves that carry messages between parts of the brain stem (integrating the nervous system); helps regulate intensity of pain and controls some parts of the body; helps people focus on useful sensory input while filtering out unnecessary stimuli

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21

Cerebellum “Little Brain”

Helps control posture, balance, and the coordination of voluntary movements; allows different muscle groups in the body to act together and produce coordinated fluid movement

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22

Thalamus

Processes and transmits movement and sensory information; considered the sensory “relay station” of the brain, passing on information to the cerebral cortex; receives information from the senses (routes it to the higher brain regions that deal with seeing, hearing, tasting, and touching)

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23

Limbic System

Network of structures located beneath the cerebral cortex; coordinates emotions such as fear and aggression, drives such as hunger and sex, the formation of episodic memories

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24

Hypothalamus

Connects with many other regions of the brain and is responsible for controlling hunger, thirst, emotions, body temperature regulation, and circadian rhythms; controls pituitary gland by secreting hormones

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25

Hippocampus

Plays a critical role in the formation, organization, and storage of new memories as well as connecting certain sensations and emotions to these memories

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26

Amygdala “Fear Center”

Primarily involved in processing emotion and survival responses; becomes active during potentially threatening situations (coordinates fight-or-flight response); influences aggression and fear

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