English Myths Unit

Aphrodite (venus

god of love the golden apple was given to Aphrodite, so she let paris kidnapp helen starting the trojan war

Hera (juno)

queen of heaven goddess of marriage

married to zeus. made Hercules go

mad and made him do the 12 labors because he was the son of zeus

Heracles

strength bravery, father is zeus Hera made him go mad and kill his family he must complete the 12 labors

Hades (Pulto)

god of the underworld he kidnaps persephone and she becomes his wife and must stay in the underworld for 2/3 of the year eaten by his father

Theseus

he wants to save the people of athens he meets a girl and together they slay the minitour and escape the labyrinth he forgets to lift the right flag when coming home so family kills themselves

Perseus

his grandad the king sent him and his mother to an island the ruler wants him dead and tells him to kill meducsa he gets help from, his dad zeus he tricks the graeae and kills medusa a giant and a sea monster and the ruler of the island

Athena (minerva)

goddess of oil peace and war goddess of wisdom she was swallowed by her dad and sprung out of his head fully armed

apollo 

keeper of the sun chariot god of music son of zeus. cupid made him fall in love with daphene and daphene hate him. he chased her until she turned into a tree

Jason

He is sent to get the golden fleece and must face many obstacles to do so in the end becomes back with it and kills the king so he can rule he is helped by media

Prometheus

a titan he saw that humans were suffering and gave them fire even though zeus said he couldnt he is forever punished by having his insides eaten out by eagles 

artiemis

master hunter and is a virgin goddess she and apollo killed the kids of a girl who disrespected her

Narcissus and echo

echo was cursed by juno to repeat the last world spoken. narcissus rejected echo so echo made juno curse him into faliing in love with his reflection

Ares (mars)

god of war and skill and strength. he tells athene that he will fight for the greeks but deosnt and gets speared 

demeter (ceres)

goddess of the seasons has a child named persephone(goddess of death and nature) who is kidnapped by hades and eats a pomogrante seed and must stay in te underworld for 2/3 of the year. demeter is sad in winter

Hermes (mercury)

messenger god, god of trade, theives, son of zeus stole apollo’s sacred sheep and in return gave apollo a lyre for music

Archane

challenges Athena in weaving skills weaves bad things gods did. Athena gets mad when loses comp. and turns her to a spider

Dionysus

god of wine illusion madness. Hera kills dionysus’s mother becuase she is mad at zeus for having him

Hestia

goddess of harmony and fire gives up her seat on olypmpus to keep harmony

Cupid and psyche

has love arrows and hate arrows. marries psyche and helps her complete impossible tasks given by venus who is jealous of he beauty after she looks at his face when not sopposed to. she moves to olympus in the end

Daedalus &

Icarus

trapped in cave by king minos because D built labyrinth. D invents wings to escape but I flies to close to the sun

atalanta

she has competitions of running to marry her noone can beat her except for Hippomenus who throws golden apples to distract her. she dies

Adonis

venus falls in love with him becasue of cupid’s arrows but he won’t stop hunting because of his pride and dies hunting

Pygmalion and Galatea

P says he wont marry but makes a statue of Galatea and Venus makes her alive so they can marry

Orpheus and Eurydice

the beloved musician gets marryed to her but she dies and he fails to bring her back to life when hades says he can’t look back and he does

Orion

a strong hunter, the king takes out his eyes because he loves his daughter he gets his eyes back with help from vulcan and diana loves him but accidently kills him when tricked by apollo. she puts him in the stars

Fates

assign destinies to people at birth

Uranus

father heaven, he made water on earth because he loved her creating life. he hated his sons the cyclops monsters and titans so he imprisoned them leading to his being overthrown by cronus

Hephaestus 

married to aphrodite catches her having an affair and catches them next time with a net

Gaia

mother earth born from chaos, father earth creates life and rivers with his love for her. sons are cyclops and titans and monstrous sons

Paris

he was told to give hera athena or aphrodite the golden apple becuase he gave to aphrodite he starts the trojan war by kidnaping helen

Pandora

created by the gods first woman. released evil from the box she was told not to open

Homeric Epithets

a short saying that acompenees a character

homeric similes

extended comparison between one thing and anouther with like or as

penelope, telemachus

wife of odysseus, son and helps kill the 100 suitors

menelaus

married to helen who is stolen in the trojan war and helps fight for her

Eurylochus

a trusted officer of odysseus who questions his leadership with circe

lotus eaters

inhabitants of a land odysseus visits who get people to forget about home

Polyphemus

cyclops they take the eye out of and must escape when in the cave, use the name nobody and go underneath sheep

Aeolus 

keeper of the 4 winds and helps odysseus but they are opened and cant help

Circe

turned odysseus’s crew to pigs but turned them back after affair with odysseus

Teiresias

prophet who helps odysseus when he travals to the underworld 

charybdis and scylla 

C sommons whirlpools odysseus must escape S takes 6 men from the ship (monster)

Calypso

sea goddess that lives on the island of ogygia

Nausicaa

the princess that saves odysseus when he washes up on the island

eumaeus

swineheard loyal to odysseus to helps his defeat the suitors

antinous

a prince and strong suitor of penelope

Creation ex nihilo

higher being creates the world with thought or deed jewish yahwen

earth diver motif

a god sends aquatic animals to grab a peice of land from the bottem of the ocean and create earth - northern asian myths

Creation by the

Division of a

Primordial Unity

seperation of earth and heaven of mass or chaos etc. -japenese myths

Creation by

Dismemberment of

a Primordial Unity

a voluntary or anthropomorphic victum

biblical heros

faithful to god, humility courage, -moses, david

Trickster heros

clever, challenges authority or gods, punished but reveals truth - loki

epic heros

noble birth, superhuman skills, defeats monsters - achilles perseus

what are the stages of the hero’s journey (12)

ordinary world, call to adventure, refusal, meeting the mentor, first threshold, test, allies, enemies, approached, innermost, cave, ordeal, reward, the road back, resurrection, return with elixir.

Adam and Eve

are told not to take Apple, but they get tricked by snake they take it and they get rejected from the garden of Eden starts human race

can and Abel

god likes Abel's offering more than canes. Kane kills him because of jealousy. It is the first murder.

Noah

he makes an arc to save two of each animal from the flood as told by God

Abraham

is called by God to leave his country and people and journey to a new land where he will start a new nation. must sacrifice his son to show his faith.

David

kill Goliath with the rock, even though he was scared and becomes king

Daniel

 kept praying to the gods, even after a law was made not to he was thrown in the lions den. God saved him and he became famous.

Joseph

One of Jacob's 12 sons his father loved him more than the other, so they sold him in the slavery. He was taken to Egypt and became the ruler of the land second to the King pharaoh 

Moses

leads Israelis out of Egypt. Parts of the Red Sea has faith in leadership

ruth

, she follows her widowed mother and helps her. She be friends a rich man when working for him on the field, and becomes the mother of kings.

Solomon

he built the first temple in Jerusalem and the last ruler of Israel. He is granted wisdom because he followed what God said.

Loki

the trickster God. Pranks tricky. Killed Oden son balder and was trapped when he escaped. He started Ragnarok.

Tyr

 god of war. Controls war and justice to bind Ferrir the great wolf he sacrificed his hand.

Freya

 god of love, fertility battle death. She assists others by letting them use her feathered cloak.

Thor

God of thunder. Strength protector. Journey to land of the giant and the creation of his hammer his hammer is created when Loki asks the dwarfs to create new golden hair for Thor's wife, but instead he starts a competition between the dwarfs to see who can make the best weapons to old dwarfs when giving Thor his hammer

Ymir

the for father of all North Giants he was born from fire and ice. Odin and his brothers killed him to create the world.

Odin

all father ruler of all gods he created humans reverse earth, the sky, and more with his brothers

Balder

 son of Odin, brother of Thor. Beloved with his love and beauty. His brother was tricked by Loki because he was blind to send an arrow with his only weakness to kill him. The weakness was mistletoe because because the mother just got everything to agree not to kill him from mistletoe.

frigg

married motherhood. Married Odin she tried to save Balder but failed.