Early Atomic Theories

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Last updated 6:29 PM on 8/9/26
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6 Terms

1
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John Dalton

  • Elements consist of atoms that cannot be created, destroyed, or divided

  • Atoms of the same element have identical size, mass, and other properties

  • Billiard ball

    • Solid and uniform throughout

<ul><li><p>Elements consist of atoms that cannot be created, destroyed, or divided</p></li><li><p>Atoms of the same element have identical size, mass, and other properties</p></li><li><p>Billiard ball</p><ul><li><p>Solid and uniform throughout</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
2
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J.J. Thompson (Joseph John Thompson)

  • Electrons Exist within atoms and are negatively charged

  • Used a cathode ray tube

    • ray started at the negative electrode and could be deflected by a field

  • Determined electron’s charge to mass ratio

  • Blueberry muffin model

    • positive charge is evenly distributed, with negative charges interspersed

<ul><li><p>Electrons Exist within atoms and are negatively charged</p></li><li><p>Used a cathode ray tube </p><ul><li><p>ray started at the negative electrode and could be deflected by a field</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Determined electron’s charge to mass ratio</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Blueberry muffin model</p><ul><li><p>positive charge is evenly distributed, with negative charges interspersed </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Robert Milikan

  • Oil drop experiment - determined the charge on an electron (and consequently the mass)

  • Aerosolized oil droplets were made to ‘hover’ in an electric field

4
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Henri Becquerel

  • Uranium produces an image on a photographic plate due to the emission of radiation

5
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Ernest Rutherford

  • Radiation results from the disintegration of atoms

  • Discovery of the proton

  • planetary model of the atom

    • positive nucleus with negative electrons orbiting

6
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James Chadwick

  • The mass of the nucleus is not the same as the mass of protons

  • Nucleus contains uncharged particles called neutrons