AP BIO Functional Groups

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Last updated 4:30 AM on 8/28/26

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Hydroxyl Group

OH, Makes polar

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Amino Group

NH₂, Makes basic

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Phosphate Group

OPO(OH)₂ or PO4, Provides energy

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Carbonyl Group

C=O, Makes polar

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Sulfhydryl Group

SH, Disulfide bridges

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Carboxyl Group

COOH, makes acidic

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Methyl Group

CH₃, Makes nonpolar