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Pulmonary Oedema

A condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the alveoli of the lungs, often leading to respiratory distress.

Pleural Effusion

The accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs.

Pneumothorax

A condition where air enters the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse.

Atelectasis

The collapse of lung tissue, which can occur due to external pressure or absorption of air from obstructed alveoli.

Transudate

A type of pleural effusion fluid that is watery and comes from capillaries, often due to conditions like high pulmonary capillary pressure.

Exudate

A type of pleural effusion fluid that is rich in cells and proteins, typically resulting from infection, inflammation, or malignancy.

Empyema

A collection of pus in the pleural cavity, often due to a pulmonary infection.

Haemothorax

The presence of blood in the pleural space, often resulting from trauma or disease.

Compression Atelectasis

A form of atelectasis caused by external pressure on the alveoli, leading to their collapse.

Absorption Atelectasis

The gradual collapse of alveoli due to the absorption of air, often caused by an obstruction.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often caused by infection or irritation, leading to coughing and mucus production.

Asthma

A chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, causing difficulty in breathing.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A progressive lung disease that obstructs airflow, commonly due to smoking, leading to breathing difficulties.

Emphysema

A type of COPD involving the damage and enlargement of air sacs in the lungs, reducing elasticity and gas exchange.

Pneumonia

An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid, causing cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.

Interstitial Lung Disease

A group of disorders that cause scarring of lung tissue, affecting the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream.

Lung Cancer

A malignant growth in lung tissue, often resulting from smoking or exposure to carcinogens, leading to respiratory issues and low survival rates.

Sleep Apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary interruptions of breathing during sleep, affecting oxygen levels in the blood.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A severe lung condition characterized by widespread inflammation and fluid accumulation, leading to respiratory failure.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A common respiratory virus that causes infections in the lungs and respiratory tract, particularly dangerous for infants and the elderly.