Minerals

What are the two classes of minerals?

major and trace

amount of mineral in body and not importance of nutrition

major minerals

what is the daily intake of major minerals

100 mg

What are the seven major minerals?

calcium
phosphorus
sodium
potassium
magnesium
chloride
sulfur

these two major minerals always go together?

calcium and phosphorus

mineral found in dairy

calcium

mineral found in fiber

phosphorus

mineral found in salt

sodium

mineral found in bananas and potatoes

magnesium

mineral found in salt and fish

chloride

mineral found in water, meat and fish

sulfur

when can you give a child chloride?

6 months

no less important than major, just smaller amounts in the body

trace minerals

what is the daily intake of trace minerals

less than 100 mg

what is the function of minerals?

building tissue and influencing metabolic processes

these two minerals create water balance

sodium and potassium

these two minerals create osteoblasts to build bones

calcium and phosphorus

this mineral is the functional part of hemoglobin

iron

the body itself maintains mineral balance by

releasing minerals from ____ for _____
____ Absorption
_____ excretion

storage
redistribution
GI
URinary

what does gastric bypass do to gi absorption

makes it faster

what does IBS do to gi absorption

makes it slower

what does an ostomy do to gi absorption

makes it faster

related to excessive use of mineral supplements, environmental or industrial exposure, human errors in commercial food processing or alterations in metabolism

mineral toxicity

electrically charged minerals that cause physiological reactions that maintain homeostasis

electrolytes

positive charged electrolytes

cations

what are major cations?

sodium and potassium

what are other cations besides the major?

magnesium and calcium

negative charged electrolytes

anions

what is the major anion electrolyte?

chloride

what are other anions besides the major?

phosphate
sulfate
bicarbonate

drinking fluids dilutes this electrolyte in the blood

sodium

where does almost all of chloride in the diet come from?

salt

Lower intakes of potassium and higher intakes of sodium are associated with…

higher blood pressure

what are foods high in potassium

bananas
baked potato
sweet potato
milk
yogurt

99% of this mineral is found in bones and teeth

calcium

a high intake of this mineral may help maximize bone density

calcium

what vitamin helps with calcium absorption

vitamin d

What two things work together to restore low blood calcium levels to normal even though bone calcium content may fail

PTH and vitamin D

When blood calcium is low, the parathyroid gland secretes ______ which promotes calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and stimulates the release of calcium from the bones

PTH

What can cause low blood calcium?

blood loss
broken bones
osteoporosis
thyroid issues

the majority of the iron in the diet is…

nonheme iron

plants and iron-fortified foods only contain what kind of iron?

nonheme

what is nonheme iron found in?

meats, seafood, and poultry

____ _____ are the most common cause of anemia in infants, young children, and pregnant women

iron deficiencies

why would infants be at risk for iron deficiency?

breast milk doesn’t have enough iron

why would young children be at risk for iron deficiency?

picky eaters

why would pregnant women be at risk for iron deficiency?

baby takes it all

what are non-nutritional risk factors for iron deficiency?

blood loss
malabsorption disorders
kidney disease
cancer

can you fix iron deficiency in kidney disease or cancer?

no, chronic deficiency

signs and symptoms of this are extreme fatigue, weakness, pale skin, dizziness, and lightheadedness

iron deficiency