AB_Chapter_19_Islamic_Gunpowder_Dynasties-1

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22 Terms

1

Gunpowder Empires

Large multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control their territories.

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2

Ibn Khaldun

A 14th-century historian known for his work 'Muquaddimah' which discusses the cyclical nature of history.

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3

Ottoman Empire

The largest and most enduring Islamic empire, founded by the Osman Dynasty in the 1300s and lasting until 1918.

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4

Mehmed II

Also known as 'the Conqueror', he established Istanbul as the empire's capital after conquering Constantinople in 1453.

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5

Devshirme

A selection system whereby Christian boys from conquered areas were recruited to serve in the Ottoman military and government.

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6

Suleiman I

Ruled from 1520-1566, known for military conquests, cultural achievements, and being termed 'the Lawgiver' for his legal reforms.

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7

Janissaries

Elite Ottoman military forces recruited through the devshirme system, consisting of converted Christian boys.

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8

Safavid Empire

An Islamic empire founded in Persia in the 1500s, known for its Shia Islam dominance and conflicts with the Sunni Ottoman Empire.

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9

Shah Abbas I

Also known as Abbas the Great, he ruled from 1587-1629 and presided over the height of the Safavid Empire.

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10

Akbar

The most notable Mughal ruler who ruled from 1556-1605, known for his policies of religious tolerance and administrative reforms.

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11

Din-i-llahi

A syncretic religion created by Akbar in an attempt to reconcile Hinduism and Islam.

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12

Tamerlane

A Mongol-Turkic ruler known for his military conquests across Central Asia and the Middle East in the late 14th century.

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13

Battle of Lepanto

A significant naval battle in 1571 where a European coalition defeated the Ottoman navy.

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14

Harem Politics

The influence of the women in the sultan's harem on political decisions and succession.

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15

Mughal Empire

Founded by Babur in the 1520s, it was a prominent empire in India characterized by wealth and cultural achievements.

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16

Aurangzeb

The last significant Mughal emperor who ruled from 1658-1707 and expanded the empire, but whose reign led to decline.

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17

Shariah Law

A system of Islamic jurisprudence that governs all aspects of life, including criminal justice and family law.

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18

Zamindars

Paid government officials under Akbar who were responsible for tax collection and local administration.

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19

Isfahan

The capital of the Safavid Empire known for its beautiful architecture and gardens during Shah Abbas's reign.

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20

Taj Mahal

A mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in Agra as a tomb for his wife, a symbol of Mughal architecture.

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21

Cultural contributions

Achievements in arts and architecture made by the Gunpowder Empires, including mosques, manuscripts, and paintings.

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22

Slavery in the Ottoman Empire

The system of slavery in which captives from military campaigns were converted to Islam and made slaves in various roles.

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