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Hemostasis
Where the body wants to be at ( stable state )
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
A hormone that regulates water balance in the body
Sodium is located where?
extracellular, which is outside of the cell
Where is potassium located in the body?
Most particles are located inside the cell, but some particles are outside the cell as well
Where is calcium located in the body?
In bones and and teeth
What is solvent?
A substance that dissolves other substances
Which age groups are more prone for fluid and balances?
Very young and elderly
What is extracellular fluid?
Fluid outside of the cell
Transports nutrients, oxygen, waste products to and from the cell
What is interstitial fluid ?
Fluid between cells, which are not circulating just sitting in the tissues
What is intravascular fluid?
Fluid within the blood vessels
Also known as “plasma”
What is intracellular fluid?
Fluid that is found inside of the cell
What is transcellular?
Other spots in the body containing fluid
What is diffusion?
When particles spread out from a point of high concentration to low concentration
What is passive transport?
Requires no energy
What is passive transport?
Requires energy
How much urine daily And hourly should be voided
1500 ML daily and 30 ML hourly
What places can fluid be output?
Skin by evaporation
Lungs by breathing
G.I. tract
Kidneys
Sensible water loss is what?
You can measure the output
Ex.urination
What is insensible water loss?
You cannot measure the output
Ex. Evaporation from skin and lungs
Whats another word for hypovolemia?
Fluid volume deficit
Causes of
Not drinking enough
Increased diuretics
Burns or wounds due to draining
Vomiting or diarrhea
NG suctioning
Third spacing, which is when fluid is just sitting not circulating
What are some signs and symptoms of fluid deficit?
thirst
Decreased weight
Decreased skin turgur
Sunken eyelids
Dry mucous membranes
Bradycardia
Week or thread pulse
Seizure or coma due to fluid shifts
Flat neck veins
Dizziness
Labs and diagnostics of fluid deficit?
Increase serum osmoality
Increase specific gravity
Increased hematocrit
Increased BUN
Increase serum sodium
What’s another name for fluid excess?
Hypervolemia
What are some causes of fluid volume excess?
Increased fluid intake
Chronic heart failure
Renal or liver failure
Increase steroid levels
What are some signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess?
Swollen eyes
Bounding pulse
Pitting edema
Difficulty breathing
Pulmonary edema, which is fluid in the lungs
Crackles in the lungs
Decreased oxygen saturation
Tachycardia
Cyanosis
Anasarcar which is severe generalized edema
Weight gain
Increased urine output
What are some lab and diagnostic found with fluid volume excess?
Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
Decreased BUN
Decrease serum osmolality
Decrease serum sodium
More concentration/ concentrated is ______ water
Less water
Less concentration \ concentrated is _____ water
More water
