AP WORLD MIDTERM- SECOND PERIOD

Vasco De Gama

Catholic thinker who believed there was a hidden Christian kingdom of white men in Africa

Iberia Peninsula

where the Portuguese were located before their explorations

The Ottoman Empire is considered

middle eastern

Manila

the capital of the Philippines built by Spain

Daimyos

feudal lord in Japan who was a military dictator

Most wanted type of fur

beaver fur

Iberia peninsula included...

Spain and Portugal

Dias=

africa

Vasco De Gama=

India

At the time, nobody wanted European goods on indian ocean trade routes. Why?

- the Europeans were viewed as dirty

- you had to pay them in cash

Portugal had an advantage in Indian Ocean trade, why?

- there was nobody that controlled the Indian ocean

- they had advanced military

Did portugal take over countries around the Indian ocean for TRADE or for COLONIZATION?

trade

Ships had to pay a tax to __________ on their cargo

Portugal

_________ took over the Philippines

Spain

Why did Spain take over the Philippines?

they were close to the spice islands, lack of unity

Trade Post Empire:

Portugal controlled trade ports to monopolize spices

How did Japan (Tokugawa Shogunate) end?

Ended civil wars, banned Christianity, limited Europeans

_________ is the capital of the Philippines

Manila

Was the Philippines a diverse area?

yes, very

Who provided much of the world's silver supply?

Spanish America

Who was the main consumer of Spanish American silver?

China

Taxes had to be paid in silver in __________.

China

Where are the Spanish silver mines?

Manila (and a bit from Japan)

Why was the city of potosi created?

b/c they had too many workers

The city of potosi can be associated with...

silver

How was the environment impacted by the city of potosi?

- You use water to expose silver (mining) which leads to erosion

- Used mercury, which poisons humans

Impacts of sliver trade on Spain:

Wealthy at first; later social and economic problems

The General crisis:

time period of civil war, peasant rebellions, food prices being too high

Why did North America have so much fur supply?

bc lots of people lived there

Why did Russia have so much fur supply?

bc of Siberia

What is the main fur that everyone wants?

Beaver fur

Mourning wars:

When a tribe lost people, they'd kidnap people from another tribe and force them to join their tribe

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade:

Largest slave trade ever; based on skin color; all slaves from Africa.

Main Destination of Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade:

Brazil imported the most slaves

Reason for Sugar Slaves:

Sugar work was deadly; enslavers replaced workers easily

Gender of Slaves:

Mostly men for heavy labor

Impact of slave trade on Africa:

Lost many men; some kingdoms grew rich, others collapsed

Impact of slave trade on Americas:

Changed demographics, race, and labor systems

Impact of slave trade on Europe:

Europe became richer from profits

How did African culture affect the americas?

enslaved africans brought tradition and culture

Africa's Economy as a result of slave trade...

Economy did not advance; profits from selling slaves not reinvested

Africa's Society as a result of slave trade...

Corruption grew; kidnappings and false accusations.

Signares:

African women married Europeans; wealthy traders.

Women in Dahomey:

Powerful roles; queen mother oversaw court girls.

Kingdom of Benin:

Restricted slave trade; diversified exports

The Mali empire was _______ during this period

nearly gone

Small __________ communities were targeted more for slavery because of their lack of ____________

kinship; wealth

What existed instead of Italy during this period?

the papal states

Who was the head of the church in England?

the king

Who did Henry VII marry?

The granddaughter of Ferdinand and Isabella.

Who was the king with a lot of wives

Henry VIII

Who was "bloody mary"

mary Tudor- burned 500 people

Charles V

The Ottoman Empire.

Anyone named Frederick in this era is associated with which state?

Prussia

frederick the great

made Russia more european, built armies, and expanded Russia's territory

Louis XIV:

the sun king, palace of versailles, lots of gardens

Louis XIV believed ______ placed him on the throne so if you went against him you went against ______

God; God

How did Louis XIV control people?

He spied, read their mail, and monitored behavior.

in terms of being a good ruler and being good with money, was Louis XIV a good ruler?

yes

Externally, Christianity was threatened by the spread of ________ led by the ____________ empire

Islam; Ottoman

Martin Luther nailed the 95 theses to a church in Wittenberg Germany because he was upset by...

- Mainly the selling of indulgences

- The lifestyle of the pope (they lived like kings)

- Corruptions amongst priests

Luther believed you could be saved through __________ _______, not through ____________

faith alone; sacraments

Did martin luther want to make the church better?

yes

How did the reformation affect women?

Convents, places where women could be educated and have a vocation, were closed so women could now only become married

What did the Reformation encourage everyone to do?

read the bible

The reformation increased __________ in women

literacy

The printing press affected the protestant reformation because...

it made it easier to print luther's copies of his version of the bible

John Calvin:

created the idea of predestination

Predestination:

the belief God already decided who would be saved and who wouldn't

Protestants in France were called ___________

Huguenots

30 years war:

fought between protestants and catholics; massive human cost; biggest religious european war of its era

Conversion of the Natives to Christianity was very successful due to:

Military force

The belief that conversion would be inevitable

Total _________ was demanded by the Spanish

conversion (to christianity)

Who especially rejected the total conversion of the natives?

native women

Christianity in mexico was __________ into daily life

infused

Christianity in mexico was...

syncretic

Christianity in China:

very scarce; elite-focused

What was the Jesuit's strategy to convert Chinese people to Christianity

dress up as chinese people, learn chinese language, and basically made christianity more appealing to Chinese people

The Wahhabi movement:

the attempt to convert people back to just regular pure Islam

Was Ibn Saud for or against the Wahhabi movement?

supported it

Wahhabi ____________ women's rights

emphasized

Did the Wahhabi movement give women more rights?

yes

Sikhism basically rejected __________

Hinduism, Exclusive religious identity, gender restrictions

Sikhism focused on...

one universal God (our God)

Indulgence:

if you gave a priest money, they would say you're forgiven (instead of you going to confession of something)

The council of Trent lasted _____________

20 years

Heretic

someone who holds a belief against the beliefs of the Catholic Church

MALE OR FEMALE:

jesuits

male

MALE OR FEMALE:

Ursalines

female

Heliocentric:

sun in the middle; science taught

Geocentric: earth in the middle

earth in the middle; Catholic Church taught

Nicolaus Copernicus (Polish):

taught Geocentric (earth in the middle) teachings;

Galileo Galilee (Italian):

got in trouble with the catholic church since he said there were craters on the moon (the church taught every planet was round), developed a better telescope

Isaac Newton (England):

laws of motion and gravity

Margaret Cavendish (England):

- Was rich

- Allowed to attend a session of the ROyal Society of London

- Her husband was a duke

Maria Winkelmann (German):

- Found a comet

- Her husband claimed her work as his own

- The only reason she was allowed to go into the observatory was because her husband took her with him So once he died, her work ended

Is the pope the head of the church in england at this point? If no, then who?

no- the king

A colony= ________________

a settlement

Americas:

Native Americans

Mercantilism:

encouraged exporting goods and acquiring bullion- the idea that everything flows back and forth