Nutrition (Nutrients Water and Carbohydrates)

How often is water replaced in the body

Every 3 days

What is the most abundant nutrient in the body

Water

What decreases in the body as something matures

body water decreases with maturity

List the parts of the body with the most to least water content in the body and their percentages

muscle-75%

Fresh bone- 30%

adipose tissue- 15%

teeth enamel - 5%

list how water is distributed in the body and percents

intracellular -50%

interstitial - 15%

extracellular-5%

remainder in GI tract

Name the eight functions of water in the body

Solvent, transport of nutrients, needed for chemical reactions, lubrication and cushioning, maintain blood volume, regulate body temperature, transfer light and sound, and to form and structure to cells.

How is water absorbed into the body passive or active

passive

Where do ruminants absorb water

rumen, reticulum, omasum, Large Intestine, Small Intestine

Where do monogastrics absorb water?

Small Intestine and Large Intestine (mostly LI)

What is the formula for monosaccharides

CxH2xOx

Name and example of a monosaccharide

glucose

Two glucose molecules linked by a alpha 1-4 bond form what disaccharide

maltose

What effects water quality

pH, Hardness, Nitrates, Sulfates

How does the body lose water

sweat, kidneys, excretions, respiration

what polysaccharide is the main storage form of glucose in plants

starch

factors that affect water intake

temperature, physiological functions, diet consumption, disease conditions

What are the two types of stereoisomers

D-isomerization and L-isomerization

What are stereoisomers

mirror-image forms of the same compound

what structural carbohydrate is composed of beta 1-4 glucose bonds and forms plant cell walls

cellulose

what monosaccharide is the sweetest sugar and a part of sucrose

fructose

what is sucrose made up of

glucose + fructose

what is the composition and orientation of amylose

linear chain of alpha 1-4 glucose bonds

what stereoisomers is found in nature

D-isomerization

what are the two nonstructural polysaccharides

starch (plants), glycogen(animals)

what are the three structural polysaccharides

cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins

how are disaccharides linked

linked by a glycosidic bond

what is maltose made up of

2 glucose with an alpha 1-4 bond

what is lactose made up of

galactose + glucose

what polysaccharide works like cement in plant cell walls

pectin

what is special about lignin and why

Its not a true carbohydrate, only considered one because its hard to unbond it from the other carbohydrates

what pentose sugar is found in nucleic acids

ribose

Amylopectin has both α1-4 and α1-6 bonds and makes up what percent of starch?

70 to 85%

what type of carbohydrate is hemicellulose

polysaccharide

what polysaccharide can animals not digest with the exception of grass eaters such as cattle

cellulose

what is the strongest and largest natural carbohydrate molecule

amylopectin

how are carbohydrates absorbed into the body active or passive

active transport