Test Review Nervous Sysand the brain

Structure between cell body and axon

Axon hillock

Branches conducting impulses toward the cell body

Dendrites

What is myelin?

A white, fatty substance found in the myelin sheath around some nerve fibers.

Branches between axon and synaptic knobs

Axon collaterals

Are there Centrioles in Nerve cells

No, nerve cells do not contain centrioles

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Includes brain and spinal cord, works as the “control center”, process and interprets information

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Works outside the CNS, includes the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord “communication lines”, uses million of sensory receptions to monitor changes inside and outside the body

Motor

Transmits impulse from CNS to organs, muscles and glands

Sensory

Convey impulses to CNS from sensory receptors, includes information from the skin, skeletal muscles (voluntary), joints and organs to CNS

Mixed neurons

a nerve containing both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers

Gray matter

Outer “bark” (nerve cell fibers that are unmuerinated)

White matter

Inner area of cerebellum and cerebrum (myelinated nerve fibers)

What are astrocytes

Are star-shaped and are responsible for anchoring neurons to capillaries for blood and nutrient supply

What are microglia

Acts as a macrophage to rid of microbes and dead nervous tissues

Multipolar neuron

a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites (and dendritic branches)

Bipolar neuron

a type of neuron characterized by having both an axon and a dendrite extending from the soma (cell body) in opposite directions

Unipolar neuron

a neuron in which only one process, called a neurite, extends from the cell body

Be able to label a Motor Neuron

The anterior lobe of the brain associated with conscience, intelligence and personality.

Frontal lobe

The posterior lobe of the brain associated with vision.

Occipital lobe

The inferior lateral lobe of the brain found below myelin

Temporal lobe

Divided into left and right hemispheres this region of the brain controls all voluntary actions.

Cerebrum

This region of the brain is centrally located and consists of thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus.

Diencephalon

This region leads to the central brain from the spinal cord made up of midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Brain stem

This region is used with learned behaviors like balance, posture and coordination

Cerebellum

An outward fold on brain surface.

Gyri

Shallow groove on brain surface.

Sulcus

Deep groove on brain surface.

Fissure

Mylenated nerve fibers that allow for communication.

Cerebral white matter

Nerves which crossover in Medulla.

Projection fibers

Connect gyri in same hemisphere.

Association fibers

Connects left and right hemisphere of cerebrum.

Commissure

Controls Autonomic nervous system.

Hypothalamus

Contains the pineal gland which controls sleep cycle.

Epithalamus

Tissue which produces Cerebral Spinal Fluid.

Epithalamus

Relay station for senses except smell.

Thalamus

Area of brain stem controlling heart beat, breathing, swallowing and vomiting.

Medulla

The process of crossing over of the nerve tracts.

Decussation

The bulge of the brain stem, serves as passage for cranial nerves V, VI, VII.

Pons

Contains two peduncles and the substantia nigra who's destruction leads to Parkinson's disease.

Substantial nigra

Branching white fibers in the cerebellum(tree of life)

Arbor vitae

Inner most meninges, tightly covers brain.

Pia mater

Middle layer of meninges with projections that extend into the other two layers. (spider webb)

Arachnoid mater

Tough outer layer of meninges.

Dura mater

Results from a blow to the head, there are varying degrees most are harmless, but repeated events could cause permanent damage.

Concussion

Circulation blockage in brain.(Brain Attack)

Stroke

Plaque deposits build up causing degeneration of cortex leading to mental deterioration.

Alzheimer’s

Bacterial or viral infection of meninges.

Meningitis