Fascism to Cold War Vocabulary

Benito Mussolini

Founded Italy’s Fascist Party - aggressive nationalism that believed nation was more important than individual

Joseph Stalin

new soviet dictator - focused on industrializing - killed 8-10 mil peasants who resisted his rule

Vladimir Lenin

From the Bolshevik Party-Placed a Communist Government-Named Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Japanese Army (Manchuria)

Japan wanted to dominate East Asia, so Japanese officers attacked resource rich province of Manchuria in China, officers assassinated prime minister and province became controlled by Japanese military

Nye Committee

In 1934 Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota held hearings to investigate the country's involvement in World War I, he documented the profits that arms factories had made during the war. The report created the impression that these businesses influenced the U.S. decision to go to war. Americans wanted more isolationism.

Neutrality Act of 1935

The Congress passed this act worried that German and Italian aggression to each other might lead to war. This act made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country

Maginot Line

Was built after WW1 by the French. They had built a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications along the German Border. It protects the France border with Germany

Francisco Franco

Led the rebellion that started up in Spain after a coalitions between the Republicans, Socialist, and Communist

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy and Japan signed the anti-comintern pact to require the countries to exchange information about communist groups.

Rome Berlin Axis

When Hitler and Mussolini signed an agreement that pledged to cooperate on several international issues.

Neutrality Act 1937

Continued the ban on selling arms to nations at war, but also required warring countries to buy nonmil-itary supplies from the United States on a "cash-and-carry" basis - no loans allowed

Anschluss

The unification of Austria and Germany. Hitler announced the Anschluss as he feared the outcome of the unification with Germany toa d democratic vote and then sent troops to Austria in March

Munich Conference

Czech was allied with France and Soviet Union but German claimed Sudetenland Representatives of Britain, France, Italy, and Germany agreed to meet in Munich to decide Czech's fate. At the Munich Conference Britain and France agreed to Hitler's demands, a policy that came to be known as appeasement.

Sudetenland

place where many people in Czech speak German - given to germany through appeasement

Blitzkrieg

new type of warfare - lightning war Blitzkrieg used large numbers of massed tanks to break through and rapidly encircle enemy positions.

Battle of Britain

The German air force called the Laftwaffe started to attack the British shipping in the English Channel. The Luftwaffe launched an all-out air battle to destroy the British Royal Air Force

Kellog Briand Pact

outlawed war as an instrument of national policy and settled disputes by peaceful means

destroyer for bases

traded 50 old destroyers for naval bases in Bermuda Caribbean

Atlantic Charter

FDR and Churchill decided on making the UN, promoting democracy, no more isolationist approach, Greer (Iceland) and Reuben James- US ships that got sunk by German torpedos

Casa Blanca Conference

FDR, De Gaulle, and Churchill; planned to retake Normandy France, create a UN, planned attack on Sicily, want German unconditional surrender

Tehran Conference

FDR, Churchill, and Stallin; USSR attacks Germany, USSR attacks Japan, creation of UN ideas, operation overlord-second front, Anglo American Invasion in Normandy - bombed 5 zones to get back France

Yalta Conference

FDR, Churchill, Stallin; create UN, want free elections in Europe

Facism

totalitarian form of government which glorifies the agressive nationalism, has one leader/party, propoganda and censorship are widespread, anticommunism

Adolph Hitler

leader of the largest party in Germany-Nazi party;German government thought they could control him but instead he became chancellor of Germany and then Fuhrer(dictator for life), he rebuilt Germany's army which was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles

appeasement

act of giving to an enemy's demands in hope of avoiding further conflict

Mein Kampf

My struggle - written by Hitler and Rudolph Hess in jail

Aryans

blue eyes & blonde hair - the superior race

militarism

glorification of war in which a nation strengthens its military and stockpiles weapons in prep for war- incorporate war into all aspects of society

Nationalism

the belief in the superiority of ones own nation over all others

Lend-Lease Act

agreement to sell arms to Britain in exchange for 99 year leases in various military bases

Douglas MacArthur

Nationalize the philippines then escapes to austrailia

Bataan Death March

The Japanese attacked Bataan, and thereafter forcibly marched over 75,000 American and Filipino troops for 5-10 days without food or water

Double V

campaign led by African Americans to fight for democracy by winning the war in Europe and win the war agaisnt racism at home

Executive Order 8802

Truman bans discrimination in defense industry

CORE

congress of racial equality

Battle of Coral Sea

naval battle 4 days long, no japanese advancement

Battle of Guadalcanal

naval battle 7k japanese died

General Rommel

leader of Germany's Afrika Korps; commanded German defenses against the Allied invasion of northern France.

Battle of the Bulge

Hitler launches a surprise offensive 14 divisions in Allied lines in Ardennes region in Belgium, creates a bulge in allied lines, reinforcemnts come - Last german offesnive on western front

Korematsu vs. US

Korematsu said EO 9066 was unconstitutional no due process (5th amendment)- sent to jail

Executive Order 9066

any part of the US can be a military zone and congress had the right to remove anybody they wanted from the zone

Potsdam Conference

stallin, Truman, Clement; went over the military occupation and reconstruction of germany, german reparations, reducing German army, postwar orderm and war criminal structure

Nurmeburg Trials

The first international war crimes tribunal in history revealed the true extent of German atrocities and held some of the most prominent Nazis accountable for their crimes

George Kennan

created the policy of containment

Truman Doctrine

US will support any nation that the US governement beleives is threatened by communism

Marshall Plan

fight hunger and chaos; US spent $13 billion on helping economies and technological advancements in other countries; focused on opening trade markets to US

Berlin Airlift

USSR stopped all transportation to West Berlin, Truman sent cargo planes to send food and medicine

HUAC

House of Un-American Activities Committee

Joseph McCarthy

second red scare; started mass murder/persecution of communists in the US

Sino Japanese War

war fought to gain control of Korea; catalyst in Japan transforming into a world power

Dunkirk

Evacuation of more than 338,000 allied soldiers, at the cost of losing nearly all the British army’s equipment at Dunkirk.

Philip Randolph

American labor unionist and civil rights activist who believed in organized labors ability to counter workforce discrimination using nonviolent techniques - many Af Am gained employment

Victory Gardens

Gardens planted by American citizens during WW2 to raise vegetables for hime use, leaving more food for the troops

Battle of Kassirine Pass

in Tunsia, US was defeated: 7000 men and 200 tanks died

American First committee

an isolationist group that opposed American intervention or aid to allies in WW2

internationalist

advocates greater political/economic cooperation among states and nations

Detroit Riot 1943

one racially motivated fist fight started leading to fights breaking out in a crowd accross the island btw whites and Af Ams

Bracero Program

executive order that permited millions of mexicans to work legally in the US on short term labor contracts

Wannsee Conference

Nazi Party meeting to discuss and coordinate the implementation of the Final Solution ot the Jewish problem

Zoot Suit Riots

police harassed Mexican American youth fueled by centuries of white supremacy

Rosie the Riveter

allegorical cultural icon / symbolin US who represents women worked in factories and shipyards during WW2