Reactions of alkenes (Radical substitution)

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Three basic steps of radical substitution

  • Initiation

  • Propagation

  • Termination

It is uncontrollable and starts with a flash of light, gives us a mixture of products.

<ul><li><p>Initiation</p></li><li><p>Propagation</p></li><li><p>Termination</p></li></ul><p></p><p>It is uncontrollable and starts with a flash of light, gives us a mixture of products.</p><p></p>
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Initiation

Homolytic fission which forms radicals, and must be under UV light. Radicals react quickly with surrounding molecules.

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Propagation

These reactions will repeat millions of times.

<p>These reactions will repeat millions of times. </p>
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Termination

This is the death of radicals, they combine to form stable molecules happens when radicals have finished with reacting with other molecules.

<p>This is the death of radicals, they combine to form stable molecules happens when radicals have finished with reacting with other molecules.</p>
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Limitations of radical substitution

  • More than one halogen can substitute into a molecule, creating a mixture of products and something we don’t want.

  • Substitution can occur at more than one point making isomers of the product we want.

<ul><li><p>More than one halogen can substitute into a molecule, creating a mixture of products and something we don’t want.</p></li><li><p>Substitution can occur at more than one point making isomers of the product we want.</p></li></ul><p></p>