Chapter 6 "The Skeletal System"

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

Shape, support, protection, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage

Are your bones alive?

Yes

Describe long bones

Longer than they are wide.

Describe short bones

Fairly equal in width and length.

Describe flat bones

Thin bones that can be either flat or curved and are plate like in nature

Describe irregular bones

Odd shaped bones needed to connect to other bones.

Examples of long bones

humerus and radius

Examples of short bones

tarsals and carpals

Examples of flat bones

skull and ribs

Examples of irregular bones

hip bones and vertebrae

What covers the outside of the bone?

periosteum

What are the ends of long bones called?

epiphysis (proximal and distal)

What is the area between the ends of the long bones called?

diaphysis

Name the hollow area inside the shaft of the long bone.

medullary cavity

What is the function of the medullary cavity?

acts as a storage area for bone marrow.

What is the function of red bone marrow?

makes blood cells.

Yellow bone marrow has

a high fat content.

In an emergency, yellow bone marrow does what?

can convert to red bone marrow to help in red blood cell production.

What are 2 types of bone tissue?

compact and spongy

Name 2 places where compact bone is found.

shafts of long bones and the outer layer of other bones.

Describe an osteon

Also known as Haversian System. Structural unit of compact bone.

Mature bone cells that form concentric circles around the central canal of an osteon

osteocytes

The area around the osteocyte is filled with

protein fibers, calcium, and other minerals

Is spongy bone more or less dense than compact bone?

less dense

Spongy bone is

different than compact bone, spongy bone tissue is arranged in bars and plates called trabeculae.

2 functions of spongy bone?

helps make the bone bones lighter in weight and it provides a space for red bone marrow.

Define endosteum

membrane that lines the medullary cavity

What 2 places does endosteum line?

the Haversian canal and all the internal cavities of the bone

Bones are not smooth, having a variety of ________________, _______________, and _______________.

projections, bumps, and depressions

Projections on bones act as _______________ of _______________ for muscles, ligaments, and tendons.

points of attachment

. ________________or ________________ on bones act as pathways for nerves and blood vessels.

grooves and depressions

________________ or ________________ is the formation of bone in the body.

ossification or osteogenesis

What are the 4 types of cells involved in formation and growth of cells?

osteoprogenitor cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts

The production of red blood cells is known as________________.

hemopoiesis

________________ are nonspecialized cells that can turn into other types of bone cells as needed.

osteoprogenitor

________________ are the cells that actually form bone.

osteoblasts

________________ are mature bone cells.

osteocytes

Osteoblasts surround themselves with a matrix of calcium to ...

then become the mature osteocytes.

________________ tear down old bone.

osteoclasts

Tearing down old bone helps to ...

move calcium and phosphate into the blood.

Bone growth and development begins when?

you are growing in the womb

________________ ________________ occurs when bone develops between 2 sheets of fiborous connective tissue.

intramembranous ossification

The bones of the ________________ developed through intramembranous ossification.

skull

Most of your bones are made by ________________ ________________ when shaped cartilage is replaced by bone.

endochondral ossification

The growth plate is another name for the ________________ ________________.

epiphyseal plate

The ________________ ________________ is importat because as long as it exists, the length of the bone will increase.

epiphyseal plate

If a bone is fractured, it is repaired by the process of ________________ ________________.

endochondral ossification

For a broken bone to heal ...

the ends of broken bone must be touching.

The first stage of bone repair is...

hematoma formation and inflammation

The second stage of bone repair is...

soft callus formation

The third stage of bone repair is...

hard callus formation

In the fourth stage of bone repair ...

the bone is remodeled.

Cartilage makes flexible ________________ ________________ ________________ .

connection between bones

Cartilage also acts as a ________________ between bones.

flexible connection

________________ ________________ is located on the ends of bones and keep bones frone grinding together.

articular cartilage

Joints can wear out and become inflammed, this condition is called________________ .

arthritis