Science and Sociology

Auguste Comte

• laid back philosophical sociology

• coined “sociology”

Three Sociological Stage

1. Theology Stage

2. Metaphysical Stage

3. Scientifix Stage

Emile Durkheim

- map out or make sociology known

- compared premodern and modern societies

- Collectivism dominates over individualism. (These depends on the environment where you live in the society. Rural = colectivism, more social cohesion. Urban = individualism, less social coherence.)

- he want to study about the psychological cause, social cause that would affect the society.

- he study "Suicide"

Two types of Society

1. Mechanical Society

Two functions of Society

1. Integration

2. Regulations

Four types of Suicide

1. Altruistic sucide (too much integration)

2. Egoistic suicide (not enough integration

3. Fatalistic suicide (too much regulation)

4. Anomic suicide (not enough regulation)

Harriet Martineau

- one of the earliest observers in American Culture

- She wrote "How to observe manners and morals" 1838

- translated August Comte "Positive Philosophy" (groundwork of sociology) in English

Karl Marx

- not sociologist but economist but because his Philosophy was so influenced in sociology he was known to be

- analyzed capitalism in economic system of how society is organized in particular structured way that paves the way of inequality

- workers/proletariat have no say from the prices

- famous the concept of alienation

- even crime dictates with your socialogical hierarchy

Herbert Spencer

- He conceived society as an organism that evolved from simple to complex in a process of adaptation to environment.

- Social Darwinism influenced the work of Herbert Spencer.

- "survival of the fitest" was coined from him

Charles Horton Cooley

- well known for the "looking self glass" Theory

- individual identity developed the peoples understanding of how they're perceived of others.