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GRANITE
is a coarse-grained, light-colored intrusive igneous rock made mainly of quartz, feldspar, and mica.
Gabbro
is a coarse-grained, dark-colored, intrusive igneous rock that contains minerals such as feldspar, pyroxene, and sometimes olivine.
Diorite
is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock with a mix of feldspar, pyroxene, hornblende, and quartz.
Obsidian
is a dark volcanic glass formed by very rapid cooling of molten rock, preventing crystal formation.
Basalt
is a fine-grained, dark extrusive igneous rock mainly made of plagioclase and pyroxene.
Pumice
is a light-colored, vesicular igneous rock formed by rapid solidification with gas bubbles trapped inside.
conglomerate
contains large, rounded particles with smaller particles or cement filling the gaps.
Sandstone
is made mostly of sand-sized weathered debris.
Shale
consists of clay-sized particles and typically breaks into thin, flat pieces.
Limestone
is mainly calcium carbonate and forms organically from accumulated shells, coral, algae, and feces.
Iron Ore
forms when iron and oxygen combine in solution and settle as sediment; hematite is the most common iron ore mineral.
Rock Salt (halite)
forms from evaporated ocean or salty lake water and is used in industry and as food seasoning.
Coal
forms mainly from plant debris in swamp environments and is combustible, commonly mined for fuel
Oil Shale
contains organic material called kerogen, from which liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons can be extracted by heating or solvent treatment.
Chalk
s a type of limestone made mostly of calcium carbonate from marine shells and algae, typically white or light gray.