EXAM 4 LO

DNA replication is an essential process that ensures each daughter cell receives a full set of genetic information by __________ the entire genome before cell division.

duplicating

In semi-conservative replication, each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and __________ strand after replication.

new

Meselson and Stahl's experiment supported the hypothesis of __________ replication, where each original DNA strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand.

semi-conservative

The original DNA double helix remains intact during __________ replication, resulting in one molecule retaining both original strands.

conservative

In dispersive replication, the original DNA strands break down into pieces and are reassembled to form two new __________.

double helices

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template, unwinding DNA and adding complementary __________ nucleotides.

RNA

Telomerase is classified as an RNA-dependent _________ polymerase because it uses an RNA template to synthesize DNA.

DNA

The purpose of cellular DNA replication is to duplicate the entire genome, while the purpose of PCR is to __________ specific segments of DNA.

amplify

Cellular DNA replication occurs in the __________ while PCR takes place in a controlled laboratory environment.

cell nucleus

The main enzyme used in PCR is __________, which is heat-stable and facilitates the denaturation and re-annealing of DNA.

Taq polymerase

DNA replication utilizes __________ nucleotides, while transcription uses ribonucleotides (rNTPs) to form RNA.

deoxynucleotides

The start part for transcription is called the __________ sequence, while the end part is known as the termination sequence.

initiation

During transcription, the __________ strand is the template that RNA polymerase reads in the 3' to 5' direction.

template

Introns are non-coding sequences in pre-mRNA that are __________ during processing.

removed

Exons are coding sequences in pre-mRNA that remain part of the mature mRNA and contribute to __________ diversity.

protein

Alternative splicing allows a single pre-mRNA transcript to be spliced in different ways, resulting in multiple __________ isoforms.

mRNA