Tissue Lecture Exam

Merocrine

Secrete products by exocytosis

Holocrine

Accumulates products then ruputures

Apocrine

Accumulates products but only ruptures at the apex

Goblet cells

Found in simple columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Intercalated discs

found in Cardiac Muscle tissue

Where would you find macrophages? (loose connective tissue)

Areolar and reticular CT

White fat

Used for nutrient storage, shock absorption, insulations, and energy storage

Brown fat

Used to heat bloodstream and body

Hyaline cartilage

Found in the ends of long bones

Elastic Cartilage

Found in ears and epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

Strong and able to absorb impact found in intervertebral discs and knee

Tissues with extremely well regenerative capacity

Epithelial tissue, bone, areolar, dense irregular, and blood forming tissue

Tissues with moderate regenerative capacity

Smooth muscle and dense regular

Tissues with no regenerative capacity

Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue

Examples of connective tissue

Areolar, adipose, reticular, dense regular, dense irregular, elastic CT, hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, bone, and blood

What would you find in a bone?

Osteoblasts, Hematopoietic stem cells, collagen, inorganic calcium slats, osteocytes (MAINTAIN MATRIX IN THE BONE), lacunae, and osteons

Fibroblasts

Found in CT proper

Chondroblasts

Found in cartilage

Osteoblasts

found in bone

Microvilli

help increase surface area in epithelial cells (places of absorption)

Cilia

help move things across a cell (like mucous)

What connective tissue elements makes up the extracellular matrix?

Ground substance and fibers

Simple squamous epithelium (location and function)

Found in air sacs of lungs and are involved in absorption, secretion, and filtration processes

Simple cuboidal epithelium (location and function)

Found in Kidney tubules and are involved in secretion and absorption

Simple columnar epithelium (location and function)

Found in digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands, bronchi, and uterine tubes. Are involved in absorption and secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances

What type of cells will you see in Areolar CT?

Fibroblasts, macrophages, fat cells, and some white blood cells

Main function of epithelial tissue

Protections, absorption, filtration, excretions, secretion, sensory reception

Collagen Fibers

Strongest and most abundant fiber, provides high tensile strength

Elastic Fibers

Network of long thin elastic fibers that stretch and recoil

Reticular Fibers

Short, fine, and highly branched collagenous fibers

Steps in preparing tissue to be viewed under a microscope

1. fixed and preserved with a solvent
2. cut into thin slices to transmit light or electrons
3. stained to enhance contrast

Tissue

A group of cells similar in stricture that perform common or related functions

Histology

The study of tissues

Endocrine glands

Secrete internally (EX hormones), ductless, and travel through bloodstream

Exocrine glands

Secrete on body surface and cavities through ducts

Steps in tissue repair

1. Inflammation (blood vessels dilate, blood clotting occurs)
2. Organization (blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue, debris is phagocytized, fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to bridge gap, and the epithelium begins to regenerate)
3. Regeneration (the scab detaches, fibrous tissue matures, epithelium thickens to resemble nearby tissue, ends in regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue)

Main components of CT

Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans, water

Main job of Connective Tissue

Support, protections, binding of tissues

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary and found in the heart

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary and found attached to bones

Smooth muscle

Involuntary and found in hollow organs

Cutaneous membrane

SKIN, a dry membrane

Mucous membrane

also called mucosae, lines body cavities that are open to the exterior (EX respiratory, urogenital, and digestive), moist membrane, epithelial sheet lies over layer of loose connective tissue called LAMINA PROPRIA, may secrete mucus

Serous membrane

Also called serosae and found in ventral cavities. Made from simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) resting on areolar CT. PARIETAL serosae lines internal body cavity walls while VISCERAL covers internal organs. moist membranes.
Pleurae - lungs
Pericardium - heart
Peritoneum - abdomen

Mesenchyme

All connective tissues arise from this as their origin

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Found in skin, nonkeratinized are found in moist linings

Primary tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

What makes up myofilaments?

Actin and Myosin, they help contract muscles

Membrane linings and coverings are composed of what 2 tissues?

Epithelial and CT Proper tissues

Apical surface

Top surface, used to define stratified epitheliums

Basal surface

Bottom layer

Histology tree

Mesothelium

serous membranes in the ventral body cavities

Endothelium

lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and heart

How do you define a stratified epithelium?

By the apical surface

Categorize structure of glands