Entrance Examination – Deck Cadet (Navigation - Vocabulary Flashcards)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering navigation concepts, rules, instruments, and typical maritime terminology from the provided lecture notes.

Variation (navigation)

Angular difference between true north and magnetic north.

Rhumb line

A line crossing all meridians at the same angle (loxodrome).

Heading

The direction in which a ship is pointing.

Set and drift

Causes the difference between course over ground and heading due to current (set and drift).

Two or more position lines

A vessel’s position can be fixed using two or more position lines.

Wind speed (not on a nautical-chart)

Wind speed is not typically depicted as a chart feature (charts show soundings, depth contours, buoy symbols).

DR (navigation)

Dead Reckoning.

LOP

Line of Position.

Mercator projection

The chart projection most commonly used in navigation.

Fix

Actual position determined by observations.

Transit bearing

Best used for checking compass error.

Nautical mile (unit)

1852 meters.

Set

Direction toward which current flows.

Safe water mark

Indicates navigable water all around.

Echo sounder

Instrument used to determine depth at sea.

Distance per 1° of latitude

60 nautical miles.

New latitude after moving north 120 NM from 10°N

12°N.

Deviation effect on compass reading

Varies with heading.

True wind speed with 15 kn wind dead ahead and 15 kn ground speed

15 knots.

Distance covered in 4 hours at 15 knots

60 nautical miles.

ETA for 100 NM at 12 knots starting 0830

1650.

Steaming time at 18 knots for 270 NM

15 hours.

Effect of increasing speed by 2 kn on 240 NM

4 hours earlier.

Compass error is determined by

True minus Compass.

Compass course with variation 3°E and deviation 2°W

089°.

Wheel over point

Position to apply rudder for a turn.

Parallel indexing most useful for

During arrival in port.

Primary purpose of a passage plan

Navigate safely from berth to berth.

Phase that includes ENC coverage and navigational warnings

Appraisal.

Speed required to reach a waypoint 120 NM away by 1800 from 0900

14 knots.

Barometer measures

Atmospheric pressure.

Cloud associated with thunderstorms

Cumulonimbus.

Wind from sea to land during the day

Sea breeze.

Falling barometer indicates

Approaching bad weather.

Beaufort Scale measures

Wind force.

Tropical cyclone in the Northwest Pacific

Typhoon.

Fog forms when

Temperature and dew point are close.

Instrument measures humidity

Hygrometer.

Color for low pressure on weather charts

Blue.

Boundary between two air masses

Front.

Length between forward and aft perpendiculars

LOA (Length Overall).

Rope to stop mooring lines from slipping on bitts

Stopper.

Effect of free surface on stability

Decreases GM.

Angle vessel returns upright

Righting lever (GZ).

Vertical distance from keel to waterline

Draft.

Spring line

Mooring line that prevents forward or aft movement.

Purpose of bilge pumps

To remove accumulated water from bilge.

GM in stability

GM = distance between G and M.

Causes squat

High speed in shallow water.

Rolling period >20 seconds indicates

Tender.

Knot for joining ropes of different sizes

Sheet bend.

Free surface effect during ballasting

Free surface effect should be avoided.

Weight of the vessel without cargo called

Lightship.

Sea anchor function

Reduce drifting in heavy weather.

Reason to use a bilge keel

Help control roll motions at sea.

Trim effect example (head/stern)

Trim of 1.0 m by the stern.

Displacement components

Deadweight = displacement − lightship; deadweight = 10,000 tons.

If GM is very small, the vessel is

Tender.

Purpose of a load line

Show maximum legal draft.

Air draft calculation when masthead is 35 m above keel and draft is 8 m

27 m.

Trim and mean draft with 8.4 m (F) and 8.6 m (A)

Trim 0.2 by stern, mean 8.5.

Center of gravity moves above metacenter

Unstable.

Righting arm increases as

GM increases.

Primary risk of free surface effect

Loss of stability.

Ballast tank with free-moving water

Reduces GM.

Rule requiring proper lookout

Rule 5.

Restricted visibility actions

Navigate at safe speed and sound signals.

Power-driven vessels underway lights

Masthead, sidelights, and stern light.

Sound signal for vessel altering course to port

Two short blasts.

Rule 13 applies to

Overtaking situation.

Vessel not under command displays

Two all-round red lights in a vertical line.

Give-way vessel action

Take early and substantial action to avoid collision.

Rule 6 concerns

Safe speed.

Stand-on vessel in a crossing situation

Vessel on the starboard side.

Sailing vessel overtaking a power-driven vessel shall

Keep out of the way.

Signal for danger or doubt

Five short blasts.

Fishing vessel not engaged in fishing should be treated as

Power-driven.

Two short blasts mean

Altering to starboard.

Vessel constrained by her draft – who must keep out of the way?

All of the above (fishing, sailing, and power-driven vessels).

A vessel aground displays

Two red lights and anchor lights.

Port lateral mark (IALA Region A) is

Red with can top mark.

Isolated danger mark is

Black with one or more red bands.

Cardinal mark indicates

Direction of safe water.

Preferred channel to port mark

Green with conical top.

Safe water mark appearance

Red and white vertical stripes.

Instrument shows ship’s heading

Gyrocompass.

Radar uses

Radio waves.

What does ECDIS stand for?

Electronic Chart Display and Information System.

AIS provides information about

Ship’s identity and position.

Function of a log

Measures ship’s speed and distance.

GPS primarily used for on ships

Position fixing.

Equipment uses magnetism for direction

Magnetic compass.

Echo sounder measures

Depth.

Starboard lateral mark color in IALA A

Green.

Mark used to indicate new dangers

Emergency wreck marking buoy.

Shape of starboard lateral buoy in IALA Region A

Cone.

Yellow buoy with a horizontal black band marks

New danger.

Echo sounder works by

Measuring sound wave return time.

Equipment shows surrounding vessel echoes

Radar.

AIS updates ship data at what interval for fast-moving vessels

Every 3 seconds.